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作者	单位	地址
李刘荣	陕西地矿自然资源投资建设有限公司	陕西省西安市碑林区雁塔北路100号
贺娟妮
胡永忠
高瑞敏
文小勇
刘天成
赵护兵^*	西北农林科技大学资源环境学院	陕西省杨凌区渭恵路3号

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中文摘要:

为旱地小麦推荐保水效应和增产效果最优覆盖栽培方式,设置12生长季包含对照(CK)、秸秆覆盖(SM)、垄覆沟播(RMFS)和地膜覆盖(PFM)4个处理长期定位大田试验,研究不同覆盖方式对旱地小麦产量以及水分利用的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,SM、RMFS和PFM处理12生长季平均产量提高了9.0%、2.7%和12.7%,生物量平均提高了5.5%、1.8%和12.8%。与CK相比,SM、RMFS和PFM平均播前蓄水量提高了12.2%、6.3%和8.0%；SM、RMFS和PFM平均收获蓄水量提高了8.4%、9.5%和4.4%；SM、RMFS和PFM平均夏闲蓄水量提高了23.5%、2.3%和16.0%。与CK相比,地膜覆盖可增加地温0.3-0.5 ℃,而秸秆覆盖可降温0.4-0.6 ℃。3个覆盖处理SM、RMFS和PFM平均生育期耗水量分别比CK增加12.2%、6.3%和8.0%；降水利用效率分别比CK增加8.0%、0.0%和6.1%；休闲效率分别比CK增加29.6%、1.6%和18.7%。与CK相比,3种覆盖处理下水分利用效率表现出增加的趋势。本研究表明以全膜穴播增产效果最优,秸秆覆盖保水效果最佳,这2种覆盖方式在生产中应用时要注意权衡利弊。

英文摘要:

To recommend the optimal mulch measures for farmers based on water retention and yield increment of dryland wheat, a long-term field experiment was conducted under 12 growth seasons including control (CK), straw mulching (SM), ridge mulching and furrow sowing (RMFS), and plastics film mulching (PFM) to study the effects of different mulch methods on the yield and water use efficiency of dryland wheat. The 12 growth seasons obtained results showed that compared with CK, SM, RMFS and PFM treatments increased the average yield by 9.0%, 2.7% and 12.7% and increased the average biomass by 5.5%, 1.8% and 12.8%, respectively. Compared to CK, the average pre-seeding soil water storage of SM, RMFS and PFM increased by 12.2%, 6.3% and 8.0%, respectively. Compared to CK, the average post-harvest soil water storage of SM, RMFS and PFM increased by 8.4%, 9.5% and 4.4%, respectively. Compared to CK, the average summer fallow soil water storage of SM, RMFS and PFM increased by 23.5%, 2.3% and 16.0%, respectively. Compared to CK, RMFS and PFM increased surface soil temperature by 0.3-0.5 ℃, while SM decreased surface soil temperature by 0.4-0.6 ℃. Compared to CK, the average ET of SM, RMFS and PFM increased by 12.2%, 6.3% and 8.0% respectively. Compared to CK, the rainfall utilization efficiency of SM, RMFS and PFM increased by 8.0%, 0.0% and 6.1% respectively. Compared to CK, the summer fallow efficiency of SM, RMFS and PFM increased by 29.6%, 1.6% and 18.7% respectively. Compared to CK, the water use efficiency showed an increasing trend under the three mulch treatments. This study indicated that PFM treatment has the best yield increment effect, while SM has the best rainfall retention effect. It is important to weigh the pros and cons when applying two mulch measure in dryland wheat production.

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