| 梁邦平，刁慧珊，李家创，袁凤平，刘 洋，白宇皓，李 毛，郝冬冬，白升升，武 军，赵继新，杨群慧，陈新宏.小麦-黑麦抗条锈病1BL/ 1RS易位系8-2-1的鉴定[J].麦类作物学报,2018,(9):1045 |
| 小麦-黑麦抗条锈病1BL/ 1RS易位系8-2-1的鉴定 |
| Identification of Wheat-Rye 1BL/1RS Translocation Line 8-2-1 with Stripe Rust Resistance |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2018.09.05 |
| 中文关键词: 1BL/1RS 条锈病 原位杂交 分子标记 高分子量谷蛋白亚基 |
| 英文关键词:1BL/1RS Stripe rust Genomic in situ hybridization(GISH) Molecular marker HMW-GS |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(31571650,31771785);国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFD0100701）；陕西省农业领域重点项目(2018ZDXM-NY-006); 西北农林科技大学唐仲英育种基金项目 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 利用农艺性状优良的普通小麦品系W770B(2n=6x=42,AABBDD)与墨西哥黑麦(Secale cereale L. 2n=2x=14,RR)杂交，秋水仙素处理染色体加倍，再经过多次与W770B回交，筛选出若干性状优良的衍生系。在大田用抖粉法人工接种条锈病混合菌种(CYR31，CYR32)对衍生系进行多次鉴定，筛选出对条锈病混合菌种(CYR31，CYR32)高抗的衍生系8-2-1。为了明确小麦新种质8-2-1的遗传基础，为该种质的应用提供参考，采用细胞学、原位杂交(genomic in situ hybridization,GISH)、分子标记(SCAR,SSR)、SDS-PAGE、近红外谷物分析仪和农艺性状调查对其进行鉴定分析。细胞学鉴定结果表明，8-2-1具有42条染色体(2n=42=21II)；以黑麦DNA为探针的原位杂交(GISH)鉴定结果表明，8-2-1具有黑麦染色体信号；黑麦特异SCAR标记和1RS上的SCAR标记能够同时在黑麦和8-2-1中扩增出特异条带；小麦各个基因组SSR分子标记鉴定结果表明，只有小麦1BS上的SSR标记不能在8-2-1中扩增出目的条带，表明8-2-1为小麦-黑麦1BL/1RS易位系。SDS-PAGE 结果表明，8-2-1亚基组成为Null、7+8、2+12，与W770B(Null,7+16,2+12)在Glu-B1位点编码的HMW-GS存在差异。8-2-1粗蛋白含量（干基）、面筋含量（湿基）达到中筋小麦标准；Zeleny沉降值符合弱筋小麦标准。农艺性状调查发现，8-2-1具有早熟、大穗、大粒等优点。因此，8-2-1可为培育高产、抗病和优质小麦新品种提供重要的中间材料。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Rye(Secale cereale L.),one of the tertiary gene pool in wheat,is an important genetic resource to improve cultivated wheat. After doubling chromosomes of the hybrid progenies derived from W770B(2n=6x=42,AABBDD) with good agronomic traits and Mexico rye(Secale cereale L. 2n=2x=14,RR) by colchicine treatment and numbers of backcross with W770B,several excellent derivatives were screened out. The derivative 8-2-1 with high resistance to stripe rust was identified by several inoculations of mixed stripe rust strains(CYR31,CYR32) at adult stage in field using powder shaking method. Cytological identification,in situ hybridization identification(genomic in situ hybridization,GISH),molecular markers techniques(SCAR,SSR) and investigation of agronomic traits were used to clarify the genetic basis of the new wheat germplasm 8-2-1,thus to provide a reference for its application. SDS-PAGE together with near infrared grain analyzer was used to analysis its protein component. The results of cytological analysis showed that the chromosome configuration of 8-2-1 was 42 chromosomes(2n=42=21II). The results of GISH using rye DNA as the probe showed that 8-2-1 had rye chromosome signals and could pair normally. The rye specific SCAR marker,AF1/AF4 can amplify specific bands both in rye and 8-2-1,suggesting 8-2-1 possesses the chromosome of rye. Among the rye genome SCAR markers,only ω-sec-p3/p4 and ω-sec-p1/p2 on 1RS chromosome arm of rye simultaneously amplified bands both in rye and 8-2-1,suggesting 8-2-1 possessed the 1RS chromosome arm of rye. The analysis of SSR markers of wheat showed that only the specific SSR markers on chromosome 1BS of wheat,such as Xwmc230,Xgwm413 and Xgwm550 did not amplify target bands in 8-2-1,suggesting 1BS chromosome arm was absent from 8-2-1. The comprehensive identification results showed that the new wheat germplasm 8-2-1 was wheat-rye 1BL/1RS translocation line. The results of SDS-PAGE showed that the subunit compositions of 8-2-1 were Null,7+8 and 2+12,showing the negative correlation of wheat gluten quality.The content of crude protein(dry base),gluten content(wet base) and Zeleny sedimentation value measured by near infrared cereal analyzer,DA7250,corresponded to the standards of weak gluten wheat. The investigation of the agronomic traits of 8-2-1 showed the material had advantages such as prematurity,big-spike and large-particle. Therefore,8-2-1 can be used as an important intermediate material for the novel wheat varieties with high yield,disease resistance and high quality. |
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