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作者	单位
张运红，申其昆，杜君，和爱玲，孙克刚，郑春风，杨焕焕，丁华	（1.河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所/河南省农业生态与环境重点实验室，河南郑州 450002； 2.河南农业大学资源与环境学院，河南郑州 450002）

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中文摘要:

为了给氮高效优质小麦品种的选育和栽培提供理论依据，采用盆栽试验，研究了郑麦0943、郑麦0856和郑麦7698三个中强筋小麦品种的氮素利用效率特征以及茎叶中氮组分、氮代谢酶活性的差异。结果显示，施氮可显著促进小麦氮素的吸收和累积，不同小麦品种氮素利用效率特征存在明显差异。3个小麦品种中，郑麦0943氮素吸收量最大，氮素吸收效率和氮素利用效率均较高，氮素收获指数也显著高于其他两个品种，且籽粒中氮素来源以后期根系氮素的吸收和转移为主，前期地上部营养体的氮素转移能力也明显强于其他两个品种；不施氮条件下，郑麦0943开花期茎叶中具有较高的营养性氮含量和较低的结构性氮和功能性氮含量，且施氮后功能性氮含量增幅最大，硝酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性也最高；不施氮条件下，郑麦7698氮素干物质生产效率和氮素收获指数均最低，郑麦0856氮素干物质生产效率最高，但氮素收获指数低于郑麦0943。综合而言，郑麦0943的氮肥生产效率最高，而郑麦0856的氮素农学利用效率最高，二者的氮素吸收效率和氮素表观回收率均高于郑麦7698。

英文摘要:

In order to provide theoretical basis for the breeding and cultivation of wheat varieties with high yield and nitrogen(N) efficiency,pot experiments were used to study the characteristics of N utilization efficiency of three wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) varieties(Zhengmai 0943,Zhengmai 0856 and Zhengmai 7698) with medium and strong gluten and their differences in N fractions and enzyme activity involved in N metabolism.Results showed that applying N fertilizer improved N absorption and accumulation in wheat,and there were differences in N utilization efficiency among different wheat varieties.Zhengmai 0943 had the highest N accumulation and higher N uptake and utilization efficiency.N harvest index(NHI) of Zhengmai 0943 was also significantly higher than that of the other two wheat varieties.N in grains of Zhengmai 0943 came mainly from the transfer of N absorbed by the root at the late growth stage,and the transferring ability of N from aboveground vegetative organs to grains at the early growth stage was stronger than the other two wheat varieties.Under the condition of no N application,Zhengmai 0943 had higher assimilable N content but lower structural and functional N content in stalk and leaves at flowering stage,with the maximum increase in functional N content after N application,and it had the highest activity of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase.Under the condition of no N application,Zhengmai 7698 had the lowest N dry matter production efficiency(NDMPE) and NHI; Zhengmai 0856 had the highest NDMPE and lower NHI than those of Zhengmai 0943.Overall,Zhengmai 0943 had the highest N fertilizer production efficiency,while Zhengmai 0856 had the highest agronomic N utilization efficiency,and their N uptake efficiency and N recovery efficiency were higher than those of Zhengmai 7698.

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