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作者	单位
曹彩云，党红凯，郑春莲，李科江，马俊永	（1.河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所,河北衡水 053000； 2.河北省作物抗旱研究重点实验室,河北衡水 053000；3.农业部衡水潮土生态环境重点野外科学观测试验站,河北衡水 053000）

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中文摘要:

为探讨低平原区节水灌溉模式和筛选高产节水品种，在2014-2015和2015-2016两个小麦生长季，采用裂区试验，以5个灌溉模式（春季灌溉0、1、2、3和4水，分别用W₀~W₄表示）作为主处理，以3个当地主推冬小麦品种（衡观35、石4185和衡4399）作为副处理，研究了不同灌溉模式对小麦产量、叶绿素荧光特征参数、水分利用效率等的影响及荧光特征与品种抗旱性的关系。结果表明，随灌溉量和灌溉次数的增加，小麦产量非线性增加，但不同年份表现有所不同，2014-2015年以W₂处理产量最高，2015-2016年以W₄处理产量最高；灌溉提高了PSⅡ的潜在活性F_v/F_o和原初光能转化效率F_v/F_m，但F_o却降低。不同品种对灌水的反应特性不同，且存在年际间差异，两年平均产量以衡4399最高，石4185最低；随灌溉量的增加，衡4399和衡观35产量变化幅度较小，而石4185的产量变化幅度相对较大。从荧光特征参数看，石4185受水分胁迫的影响大，在灌浆后期，其不灌溉处理（W₀）的荧光参数F_o相对于灌溉处理的增加幅度高于衡4399和衡观35，但F_m、F_v/F_m和F_v/F_o在不灌溉情况下的降低幅度也相对较大，说明石4185的抗旱性差。从水分利用效率看，以W₂处理较好。因此在本试验条件下，衡4399和衡观35的增产潜力大，抗旱性好，春季灌2水可达到节水高产和水分利用效率提高的目的。

英文摘要:

In order to investigate the mode of water saving irrigation in low plain area and select the water-saving and high-yield varieties,this study was conducted in wheat growing seasons of 2014-2015 and 2015-2016. A split block design was used with five different irrigation regimes(1,2,3 and 4 times irrigation,with no irrigation as control,represented as W₁,W₂,W₃,W₄ and W₀,respectively) as the main treatments and three local cultivation winter wheat varieties(Hengguan 35,Heng 4399,Shi 4185) as the sub-treatments. The yield,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,water use efficiency and relationship between fluorescence characteristics and drought resistance of wheat were analyzed. The results showed that the yield increased nonlinearly with the increase of irrigation amount,and the highest yields were achieved under W₂ model in 2014-2015 and W₄ model in 2015-2016,respectively. At the late filling stage,the potential activity(F_v/F_o) and efficiency of primary conversion of light energy(F_v/F_m) of PSⅡ reduced with the decrease of irrigation amount. F_v/F_o,F_v/F_m,and F_m of W₀ were the lowest but its F_o was the highest. Water response characteristics of different varieties were different. Shi 4185 was comparatively more sensitive to irrigation and Hengguan 35 and Heng 4399 were more tolerant to drought with higher yield under the same irrigation model. The average yield of Heng 4399 was the highest,which was slightly affected by irrigation amount,but the yield of Shi 4185 was lowest,which was significantly affected by irrigation amount in two years. The response to water were different for varieties,based on the different parameters of fluorescence characteristics. The parameters of Shi 4185 were significantly affected by the degree of water stress. Compared with irrigation mode,the increase rate of F_o under W₀ at late filling stage was higher than that of Heng 4399 and Hengguan 35. However,the decrease rate of F_m,F_v/F_m and F_v/F_o were relatively high under W₀. It can be predicted that the drought resistance of Shi 4185 was low.As to the water use efficiency,W₂ was better. Therefore,for the purpose of water saving ,high yield and high water use efficiency,under the conditions of this experiment,the optimal mode is Heng 4399 and Hengguan 35 varieties with great yield potential and drought resistance under W₂ treatment.

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