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作者	单位
吕丽华，梁双波，张经廷，姚艳荣，董志强，张丽华，贾秀领	（农业部华北地区作物栽培科学观测实验站/河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所,河北石家庄 050035）

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中文摘要:

为确定河北省中南部地区小麦品种的适宜冬前积温，2011-2014年度在河北藁城设置4个播期（10月5日、10日、15日和20日）以形成不同的冬前积温，通过裂区试验设计（播期为主区，品种为副区），研究了4个半冬性小麦品种（中晚熟品种冀麦585和金禾9123，中早熟品种衡4399和中麦155）的产量和光能利用对冬前积温的响应。结果表明,冬前积温对小麦产量有显著影响，且影响程度在品种间差异明显。4个品种中，中麦155对冬前积温较敏感，冬前≥0 ℃积温高于510 ℃时有利于其高产，且10月10日前播种还可获得较高的光能利用率（RUE）；金禾9123、冀麦585和衡4399对冬前积温反应较迟钝，冬前≥0 ℃积温高于338 ℃时有利于其高产，且10月15日前播种可获得较高的RUE。小麦10月10日播种可保持较高的叶面积指数（LAI），过早和过晚播种对LAI提高不利。10月10日前播种的小麦生育中前期生长速率（CGR）较高，10月15日之后播种的小麦生育后期生长速率较高。晚播（10月15日）后生育中后期较高的旗叶光合速率、更快的CGR可部分弥补因晚播生长不足而造成的产量损失。因此，在冀中南区，迟钝型品种推荐播期为10月5日至15日，敏感型品种为10月5日至10日。

英文摘要:

The objective of this study was to recommend optimal accumulated temperature before winter and to determine the utilization of light energy of different wheat cultivars in central and south of Hebei province. A field experiment was carried out with split plot design (main plot of sowing date and subplot of cultivar) in Gaocheng of Hebei province from 2011 to 2014 to evaluate the effect of four sowing dates (Oct. 5,Oct. 10,Oct. 15 and Oct. 20) on grain yield and radiation utilization efficiency of four simi-winter wheat cultivars. The results showed that sowing date had significant influence on grain yield,and the four cultivars had different responses to sowing date. At least 510 ℃ accumulated temperature before winter was required in order to get high yield for sensitive type of Zhongmai 155,and the higher radiation use efficiency (RUE) could be obtained when sowing before Oct. 10. While for insensitive type of Jinhe 9123,Jimai 585 and Heng 4399,at least 338 ℃ accumulated temperature before winter was required,and the higher RUE could be obtained when sowing before Oct. 15. Optimal sowing time on Oct. 10 resulted in the increase of leaf area index (LAI). Optimal and advance sowing time before Oct. 10 resulted in the increase of crop growth rate (CGR) before middle stage of wheat growth,while the increased CGR was obtained in the late stage of wheat growth when sowing after Oct. 15. The higher photosynthetic rate of flag leaf and faster CGR in the late growing stage could partly compensate to the production loss due to inadequate of growing time under late sowing. In the middle part of Hebei province,we recommend that the optimal sowing time of winter wheat is Oct. 5-15 for insensitive cultivars,and Oct. 5-10 for sensitive cultivars.

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