欢迎访问《麦类作物学报》编辑部网站

作者	单位
肖永贵，陈新民，李思敏，王德森，夏先春，何中虎	（1.中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/国家小麦改良中心，北京 100081； 2.CIMMYT中国办事处，北京 100081）

摘要点击次数: 1542

全文下载次数: 1549

中文摘要:

为了解水旱兼用型小麦品种中麦175的节水特性，设置两组试验，第一组试验在北部冬麦区和黄淮旱肥地进行，分析不同灌溉处理下中麦175的产量表现；第二组试验将包括中麦175在内的66份品种（系）分别种植于正常灌溉和节水条件下，结合生理和产量性状，探讨中麦175高产稳产节水特性。结果表明，在北部冬麦区3个灌溉处理（分别灌水0、1和2次）下，中麦175的产量高于对照品种京冬8号；在黄淮旱肥地4个灌溉处理（分别灌水0、1、2和3次）下，中麦175的产量均高于对照品种豫麦49，在1次灌水条件下，中麦175产量已达到较高水平。较高的穗数和穗粒数是该品种节水稳产的主要原因。在节水条件下，66份品种（系）中中麦175产量最高，达6 222.1 kg·hm^-2。综合正常灌溉和节水条件下的表现，从66份供试材料中筛选出中麦175、CA1102、中麦816、CA1101和CA1060五个耐旱且高产的品种(系)，这些品种(系)均表现苗期生物量高、生长势旺盛、单位面积穗数多、冠层温度低、蒸腾效率高、株高受水分胁迫影响小等特点。中麦175在节水条件下的高产稳产特性主要与其较高的苗期生物量、稳定的株高和穗数有关。

英文摘要:

Understanding the water-saving characteristics of variety with broad adaptation under irrigation and reduced irrigation conditions is valuable for developing variety with high and stable grain. In order to investigate the characteristics of a high and stable yield,and water-saving variety Zhongmai 175,two trails were conducted in the study. First trail included three and four irrigations for Zhongmai 175 and local variety as control in Northern Winter Wheat Region and Dryland of Yellow and Huai River Valleys Region,respectively. Second trail had 66 advance varieties(lines) planted under reduced irrigation and full irrigation treatments,to analyse the performance of physiological and yield traits. The results showed that grain yield of Zhongmai 175 was higher than that of check variety Jingdong 8 under rain-fed and three irrigations in Northern Winter Wheat Region,and higher than that of check variety Yumai 49 under four irrigations in Semi-arid Region of Yellow and Huai River Valleys. The advantages of spikes per unit area and grains per spike were key factors contributing to water-saving and stability. Grain yield of Zhongmai 175 (6 222.1 kg·hm^-2) was the highest among the 66 tested varieties(lines) with only one irrigation at over-winter stage.Five varieties(lines),such as Zhongmai 175,CA1102,Zhongmai 816,CA1101,and CA1060,were selected to have higher yield and water insensitivity based on drought resistance index. They exhibited higher biomass in tillering stage,higher early vigor,more spikes per unit area,lower canopy temperature,higher transpiration efficiency,and less sensitive on plant height than water sensitive varieties. Meanwhile,Zhongmai 175 has better water-saving and higher yield potential,associated with higher biomass,more stable plant height and spikes per unit area. Irrigation at over-winter stage was recommended for planting Zhongmai 175 in semi-arid region,because it can easily get high grain yield and gain water-saving in field.

查看全文查看/发表评论下载PDF阅读器

关闭