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基金项目:新疆自治区自然科学基金(青年基金)项目（2022D01B159）；中央引导地方科技发展专项（ZYYD2024CG04）；中央引导地方科技发展专项（ZYYD2024JD18）；新疆自治区重点研发专项（2022B02001-3）；新疆现代农业小麦产业技术体系项目（XJARS-01）；新疆维吾尔自治区2024年度大学生创新训练计划项目（dxscx2024474）

作者	单位
高新，雷嫣，苏豫梅，张宏芝，李少杰，李剑峰，申有成，王重，张跃强	（1.新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院作物研究所/农作物生物技术重点实验室/农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐 830091； 2.新疆农业大学生命科学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐 830000； 3.塔城地区丰源农业科技有限责任公司,新疆塔城 834700)

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中文摘要:

为了解miRNA对小麦耐干热风胁迫的分子机制，以小麦干热风敏感种质新春14号和干热风耐受品种新春46号为材料，在灌浆期采用人工模拟干热风胁迫（昼温35 ℃/夜温25 ℃，相对湿度20%，风速5 m·s^-1，连续处理5 d），结合高通量测序技术筛选差异表达miRNA，并通过qRT-PCR进行验证。结果表明，共有203个miRNA参与干热风胁迫下的表达，其中共表达miRNA 136个。经差异筛选，最终获得6个核心差异表达miRNA，分别为novel_miR_537、novel_miR_443、novel_miR_469、novel_miR_393、novel_miR_390和novel_miR_339，这些miRNA显著富集于甘露糖型O-聚糖的生物合成、多聚糖降解、过氧化物酶体和硒化合物代谢4个通路。靶基因预测揭示，这些miRNA靶向调控β-1，2-木糖基转移酶、α-1，3-阿拉伯糖基转移酶、GDSL酯酶/脂肪酶、α-L-岩藻糖苷酶、过氧化物酶等关键体膜蛋白的编码基因，参与细胞壁稳定性维持、活性氧清除及渗透调节过程。这说明小麦对干热风响应存在miRNA调控网络，并以“miRNA-靶基因”分子模块形式共同参与小麦对干热风胁迫的抵御过程。

英文摘要:

To elucidate the molecular mechanism of miRNA in wheats response to dry-hot wind stress, a sensitive germplasm Xinchun 14 and a tolerant variety Xinchun 46 were selected as materials. During the grain-filling stage, artificial simulation of dry-hot wind stress(daytime temperature 35 ℃/nighttime temperature 25 ℃, relative humidity 20%, wind speed 5 m·s^-1, continuous treatment for 5 days) was applied. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to screen differentially expressed miRNAs, followed by validation via qRT-PCR. The results showed that 203 miRNAs were involved in the expression under dry-hot wind stress, with 136 co-expressed miRNAs. After differential screening, six core differentially expressed miRNAs were ultimately identified, namely, novel_miR_537, novel_miR_443, novel_miR_469, novel_miR_393, novel_miR_390, and novel_miR_339. These miRNAs were significantly enriched in four pathways: the biosynthesis of mannose O-glycans, the degradation of polysaccharides, peroxisomes, and the metabolism of selenium compounds. Target gene predictions revealed that these miRNAs targeted and regulated key membrane protein-encoding genes, including β-1,2-xyltransferase, α-1,3-arabinosyltransferase, GDSL esterase/lipase, α-L-fucosidase, and peroxidase, and are involved in the maintenance of cell wall stability, reactive oxygen species clearance, and osmotic regulation processes. This indicates there is a miRNA regulatory network in the response of dry-hot wind in wheat, and it jointly participates in the resistance process of wheat to dry-hot wind stress in the form of a ‘miRNA-targeted gene’ molecular module.

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