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作者	单位
杨剑，张玉娥，王岩，李梦达，胡卫国，王西成，曹廷杰	（河南省农业科学院小麦研究所，河南郑州 450002）

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中文摘要:

为了解黄淮麦区小麦品种（系）农艺性状的差异，以2015-2023年国家黄淮麦区区域试验的626个参试品种（系）为材料，分析了抽穗期、小穗数、穗长、平均穗轴节长、穗粒数、株高、千粒重等7个性状。结果表明，在黄淮南片麦区，抽穗期与穗粒数、小穗数呈正相关，株高与穗长、小穗数呈正相关，而在黄淮麦区（及北片）不相关，说明黄淮南片麦区小麦矮秆大穗的形成协调了降秆与抽穗期的适当推迟，实现穗长和穗粒数稳定增加，以及平均穗轴节变短；穗粒数与千粒重无显著相关，可能二者得到协同改良，而二者在北片小麦品种（系）中呈显著负相关，说明二者在北片存在相互权衡。黄淮麦区小麦品种（系）在穗与植株等农艺性状上存在显著差异，南片品种（系）具有较长的穗长和平均穗轴节、较多的小穗数、较高的千粒重、较早的抽穗期和较低的株高。黄淮麦区不同省份间品种（系）特性也存在差异，河南育种单位选育小麦品种（系）的千粒重最高、小穗数较多，穗长仅次于江苏；陕西育种单位选育品种（系）穗粒数最多；山东小麦品种（系）穗长最短、抽穗期最晚，但株高低于江苏、河北和安徽省小麦品种（系）。江苏省小麦品种（系）穗长最长，但小穗数最少，平均穗轴节最长。基于7个农艺性状将626份品种（系）聚为两大类群4个亚群，亚群划分与育种省份、农艺性状相关，亚群1-2具有较多的穗粒数和小穗数、较高的千粒重，这些优点大多遗传周麦系列品种（系），该亚群小麦品种（系）可用于小麦穗部性状的遗传改良。

英文摘要:

In or der to under stand the difference of agronomic traits among different wheat varieties(lines) in Huang-Huai wheat region, this study analyzed 626 wheat varieties(lines) participated in the national wheat regional trials in the Huang-Huai wheat region from 2015 to 2023, focusing on seven traits: heading date, spikelet number, spike length, average length of rachis node, kernels per spike, plant height, and thousand-kernel weight. The results showed that in the southern zone of the Huang-Huai Wheat Region, heading date was positively correlated with kernels per spike and spikelet number; plant height was positively correlated with spike length and spikelet number; whereas no such correlations were observed in the northern zone. This indicates that dwarf plants with large spikes coordinated the reduction in plant height with a moderate delay in heading date, possibly achieving stable spike length and increased kernels per spike in the southern zone, ultimately leading to shorter average length of rachis node. There was no significant correlation between kernels per spike and thousand-kernel weight, suggesting possible synergistic improvement of both traits. In contrast, there is a significant negative correlation between the two traits in the northern zone, indicating a trade-off between two traits. Significant differences were observed between the southern and northern zones in spike and plant-related agronomic traits. Longer spikes and average rachis node length, more spikelets, greater thousand-kernel weights, earlier heading dates, and shorter plant heights were observed in the varieties(lines) from southern zone compared to those in northern zone. Phenotypic differences were also varied across provinces. Varieties(lines) bred by Henan breeding institutions exhibited the highest thousand-kernel weights and more spikelet numbers, with spike lengths only shorter than those from Jiangsu. Varieties bred by Shaanxi breeding institutions showed highest kernels per spike. Shandong varieties exhibited the shortest spikes and latest heading dates but were shorter in plant height than those from Jiangsu, Hebei, and Anhui province. Jiangsu varieties(lines) showed the longest spikes but the fewest spikelets and longest average rachis nodes. Based on the seven agronomic traits, the 626 varieties(lines) were classified into two major groups, which were further divided into four subgroups. Subgroup classification was associated with breeding provinces and agronomic traits. Varieties(lines) in subgroup 1-2 had more spikelet and kernels per spike, and great thousand-kernel weight. These advantages were mostly inherited from Zhoumai series varieties(lines), which can be used for genetic improvement of wheat spike traits.

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