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作者	单位
田晓明，蒋晶晶，张海英，王艺璇，李惠霞，刘永刚	(1.甘肃农业大学植物保护学院，甘肃兰州 730070； 2.甘肃省农业科学院植物保护研究所，甘肃兰州 730070)

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中文摘要:

为明确甘肃省不同生态区小麦茎基腐病病原种类组成及其致病力差异，于小麦灌浆至乳熟期在陇南徽成盆地、陇东旱塬、河西走廊绿洲灌区等11个县区22个采样点，采集具有小麦茎基腐病症状的病样40余份，采用组织分离法分离纯化病原真菌，根据菌株形态学、分子生物学特征鉴定病原，选取代表性菌株接种进行致病力测定。结果表明，从104个培养物中利用特异引物筛选得到76株镰孢菌。经形态学及TEF序列分析，从76株镰孢菌中鉴定出48株假禾谷镰孢菌Fusarium pseudograminearum（占比63.2%）、10株禾谷镰孢菌F. graminearum（占比13.2%）、8株中华镰孢菌F. sinensis（占比10.5%）、6株木贼镰孢菌F. equiseti（占比7.9%）和4株锐顶镰孢菌F. acuminatum（占比5.2%）。不同菌株间致病性存在较大差异，假禾谷镰孢菌致病性最强，平均病情指数为84.37；禾谷镰孢菌次之，平均病情指数为67.06；木贼和中华镰孢菌的平均病情指数分别为66.83和33.97；锐顶镰孢菌致病力最弱，平均病情指数仅为17.83。综合来看，甘肃省小麦茎基腐病由5种病原菌引起，其中优势病原菌为假禾谷镰孢菌。

英文摘要:

In order to clarify the pathogen composition and pathogenicity of wheat crown rot in different ecological regions of Gansu province, more than 40 samples with typical symptoms of wheat crown rot were collected from 22 sampling sites in 11 counties and districts, including Longnan Huicheng Basin, Longdong Dry Plateau and Hexi Irrigation District in Gansu Province from grain filling to milk ripening stage. The pathogens were isolated and purified by tissue separation method. The pathogens were identified by morphological and molecular biology, and the pathogenicity of representative strains were determined by inoculation. The results showed that 76 isolates of Fusarium were screened from 104 cultures by Fusarium specific primers, and identified by morphology and TEF sequences analysis. There were 48 isolates of Fusarium pseudograminearum(63.2%), 10 isolates of F. graminearum(13.2%), 8 isolates of F. sinensis(10.5%), 6 isolates of F. equiseti(7.9%), and 4 isolates of F. acuminatum(5.2%). The pathogenicity of these isolates were significantly different, among which, that of F. pseudograminarum was the strongest, with an average disease index of 84.37; F. graminearum was the second with an average disease index of 67.06; the mean disease index of F. equiseti and F. sinensis were 66.83 and 33.97, respectively. The pathogenicity of F. acuminatum was the weakest, with an average disease index of 17.83. Combined with the isolation frequency and pathogenicity, five pathogens were identified to cause wheat crown rot in Gansu province, among which the dominant pathogen is F. pseudograminearum.

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