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作者	单位
张雪静，吴强，谢岷，高齐，李梦媛，王广琛，张永平	（1.内蒙古农业大学农学院，内蒙古呼和浩特 010019； 2.河南农业大学农学院，河南郑州 450046）

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中文摘要:

内蒙古河套灌区化肥过量施用导致土壤退化和农业可持续发展面临挑战。为明确该区域春小麦实现化肥减量高产、高效相统一的适宜施肥模式，采用两因素裂区试验设计，探究了丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）与氮肥互作对春小麦氮素吸收利用及产量的影响。结果表明，施用AMF显著提高了春小麦产量（P<0.05），增幅4.87%，其主要贡献来自穗数和千粒重的增加；显著促进小麦氮素积累，表现为显著提高花前氮素转运量（由73.83 kg·hm^-2增至78.09 kg·hm^-2）、花后氮素积累量（由28.71 kg·hm^-2增至42.72 kg·hm^-2）和花后氮素对籽粒氮贡献率（由29.83%提高至38.80%），提升氮素利用效率。此外，施用AMF显著改善了根际土壤中AMF群落的多样性，且低施氮量有助于提升群落多样性，而高施氮量则抑制其多样性。在施用AMF条件下，春小麦的适宜施氮量为114.17～217.93 kg·hm^-2，较传统施肥量降低30%～50%。基于以上结果，通过丛枝菌根真菌与氮肥合理配施可实现河套灌区春小麦产量和氮素利用效率协同提升。

英文摘要:

The excessive application of fertilizers in the Hetao Irrigation Area of Inner Mongolia has led to soil degradation and posed challenges to sustainable agricultural development. To identify a suitable fertilization model that achieves the dual goals of reduced fertilizer application and high yield and efficiency for spring wheat in this region, a two-factor split-plot experimental design was employed to systematically explore the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) and nitrogen fertilizer interactions on nitrogen uptake, utilization, and yield of spring wheat. The results showed that the application of AMF significantly increased spring wheat yield(P<0.05) by 4.87%, mainly due to increases in the number of spikes and thousand-grain weight. The application of AMF optimized nitrogen distribution patterns and utilization efficiency, as evidenced by a significant increase in nitrogen translocation before anthesis(from 73.83 kg·hm^-2 to 78.09 kg·hm^-2) and post-anthesis nitrogen contribution rate(from 29.83% to 38.80%). In addition, the application of AMF significantly improved the diversity of the AMF community in the rhizosphere soil, with community diversity promoted by low nitrogen application, but inhibited by high nitrogen application. Under AMF application, the optimal nitrogen application range for spring wheat was 114.17-217.93 kg·hm^-2, which is 30%-50% lower than that of the traditional fertilization rate. Based on the above results, the yield and nitrogen use efficiency of spring wheat in Hetao irrigation area can be increased simultaneously by reasonable application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen fertilizer.

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