| 杨远远，胡自满，邓元凯，陈 泠，徐 锐，刘易科，宁 强，陈 胜，丁富功，方正武，张锦鹏，朱展望.小麦种质资源赤霉病抗性鉴定及抗病材料筛选[J].麦类作物学报,2025,(12):1664 |
| 小麦种质资源赤霉病抗性鉴定及抗病材料筛选 |
| Evaluation the Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight and Screening of Resistant Wheat Germplasm |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 赤霉病 抗性鉴定 分子标记 农艺性状 种质资源 |
| 英文关键词:Fusarium head blight Resistance evaluation Molecular markers Agronomic traits Germplasm resources |
| 基金项目:湖北省重点研发项目（2024BBB004）；湖北省农业科技创新中心创新团队项目（2024-620-000-001-04）；国家小麦产业技术体系武汉综合试验站（CARS-03） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为挖掘优异小麦抗赤霉病（Fusarium head blight, FHB）种质资源，加快抗病育种进程，以国内外1 022份小麦品种（系）为材料，在2022—2024年连续两个年度采用单花滴注法和土表撒病麦粒法开展赤霉病抗性鉴定，同时结合Fhb1、Fhb2、Fhb4和Fhb5抗病基因的7个分子标记进行基因型检测，并调查株高、小穗数、千粒重等农艺性状。结果表明，1 022份参试材料中，有4份材料的赤霉病平均病小穗率为15.45%~18.81%，抗性水平接近高抗品种苏麦3号。通过Fhb1基因检测，1 022份鉴定材料中有106份含Fhb1基因，其平均病小穗率是51.76%，极显著低于不含Fhb1材料的病小穗率（61.19%）。试验共筛选出48份平均病小穗率均低于30%的稳定抗病材料，经分子标记检测，其中有13份材料含1个抗病基因，19份材料携带2个及以上抗病基因，以Fhb2+Fhb5组合最常见；其余16份材料未检测出上述基因亦表现出较强抗性，推测可能存在新的抗原。本研究筛选出本地老千麦、三月黄等8份兼具较强抗病性和优良农艺性状的优异材料。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To identify elite wheat germplasm resistant to Fusarium head blight(FHB) and accelerate resistance breeding, 1 022 wheat accessions from domestic and international sources were evaluated. Single floret injection and grain spawn inoculation were employed across four field environments over two consecutive growing seasons (2022—2024) to assess FHB resistance. Genotype was conducted using seven molecular markers associated with the resistance genes Fhb1, Fhb2, Fhb4, and Fhb5, while agronomic traits such as plant height, spikelet number, and thousand-kernel weight were also investigated. Among the 1 022 accessions, four lines with percentage of scabbed spikelets ranging from 15.45% to 18.81% showed resistance comparable to the highly resistant cultivar Sumai 3. Genotyping results revealed that 106 accessions carried Fhb1, with a mean diseased spikelets rate of 51.76%, which was significantly lower than that of Fhb1-absent accessions(61.19%). In total 48 accessions exhibited stable and high levels of resistance, with percentage of scabbed spikelets below 30%; Molecular marker analysis indicated that among these, 13 carried one resistance gene, 19 possessed two or more gene combinations—most frequently Fhb2+Fhb5, and 16 lacked known resistance genes, suggesting the presence of novel resistance sources. From these 48 accessions, eight lines combining strong FHB resistance with favorable agronomic traits were identified, sunch as Laoqianmai and Sanyuehuang and othe landraces. |
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