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为明确矮败小麦对优异性状的聚合效应，系统比较了矮败小麦群体与普通小麦群体对大穗型小麦新种质漯新001和大粒型小麦新种质漯麦76在大穗大粒性状聚合效应上的差异，以周麦22及其矮败小麦近等基因系矮败周麦22为母本，分别与漯新001和漯麦76杂交，构建普通小麦选择群体和矮败小麦选择群体，鉴定其初始分离世代的12个穗部性状和籽粒性状，综合运用多样性分析、相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析，系统评价矮败小麦对选择群体和后代株系的影响，筛选出优良重组材料。结果表明，两个选择群体多样性指数均较大，为5.47~5.60，说明各性状的变异类型均较丰富；两个小麦群体除穗长、小穗数、小穗着生密度和千粒重4个性状外均表现出显著性差异，矮败小麦选择群体穗部性状（除小穗数）变异系数均达到10%以上，大部分穗部性状和籽粒性状间表现极显著正相关，且相关性更强，说明矮败小麦选择群体更具选育潜力，同时有利于打破性状间的连锁；依据主成分分析提取的4个主成分（累积贡献率89.29%）进行聚类分析，将选择群体划分为7个类群，其中第Ⅳ类和第Ⅶ类对大穗大粒性状聚合具有超亲效应，前者在穗部性状上明显超亲，后者在籽粒性状上明显超亲，结合育种实践，第Ⅳ类为理想的目标类群，其矮败小麦选择群体占比77.19%，说明矮败小麦在育种实践中进行大穗大粒性状聚合更具优势。

英文摘要:

This study aimed to systematically compare the differences in the aggregation effects of large-spike and large-grain traits between dwarf male-sterile wheat and common wheat using the novel large-spike germplasm Luoxin 001 and large-grain germplasm Luomai 76. Additionally, it sought to screen elite recombinant materials, providing a theoretical basis for efficiently aggregating superior traits using dwarf male-sterile wheat. Zhoumai 22 and its near-isogenic dwarf male-sterile wheat line(dwarf male-sterile Zhoumai 22) were used as female parents to hybridize with Luoxin 001 and Luomai 76, constructing common wheat and dwarf male-sterile wheat populations. Twelve spike and grain related traits were evaluated in the initial segregating generations. Diversity analysis, correlation analysis, principal component and cluster analysis were comprehensively used to assess the impact of dwarf male-sterile wheat on selection populations and progeny lines, and the elite recombinant materials were identified. Both selection populations exhibited high diversity indices(5.47-5.60), indicating abundant variation across traits. Significant differences were observed between the two populations for all traits except spike length, number of spikelets, spikelet density, and thousand-kernel weight. The dwarf male-sterile selection population showed higher coefficients of variation(>10%) in spike-related traits(except number of spikelets), stronger positive correlations among most spike and grain traits, and enhanced potential for breaking trait linkages. Based on principal component analysis(four components, cumulative contribution rate 89.29%), cluster analysis divided the populations into seven groups. Groups Ⅳ and Ⅶ exhibited transgressive segregation for the combination of large-spike and large-grain traits: Group Ⅳ exhibited transgressive superiority in spike traits, while group Ⅶ excelled in grain traits. Group Ⅳ(77.19% from the dwarf male-sterile wheat population) was identified as the ideal target, demonstrating the superiority of dwarf male-sterile wheat in aggregating large-spike and large-grain traits.

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