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| 不同新型尿素对冬小麦产量、品质、光温生理及氮素吸收利用特性影响 |
| Effects of Different New Types of Urea on Winter Wheat Yield, Quality, Photothermal Physiology and Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization Characteristics |
| 投稿时间：2025-12-08 修订日期：2026-01-08 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 冬小麦 新型尿素 产量 光温生理特征 氮素吸收利用 偏最小二乘路径模型 |
| 英文关键词:Winter wheat New types of urea Yield Light and temperature physiological characteristics Nitrogen absorption and utilization Partial least squares path model |
| 基金项目:本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1901001-08);河南省高校科技创新人才支持计划项目(26HASTIT019);河南省本科高校青年骨干教师培养计划项目(2024GGJS027)资助第一作者：E-mail: wangminghua1029@163.com(王明花)通讯作者：E-mail: lilantao@henau.edu.cn(李岚涛); wangyilunrl@163.com(王宜伦) 河南农业大学资源与环境学院/小麦玉米两熟高效生产全国重点实验室,河南郑州450046 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 探究不同新型尿素施用对冬小麦籽粒产量、品质及植株冠层温度、叶绿素、酶活性、氮素吸收利用和土壤有效氮空间分布综合影响效应,为新型尿素推广应用提供理论依据和技术支持。2024-2025年于河南省许昌市布置不同新型尿素施用冬小麦田间试验,共设6个处理：不施氮(CK)、普通尿素(T1)、腐植酸尿素(T2)、控失尿素(T3)、稳定性尿素(T4)和包膜尿素(T5)。于成熟期测定冬小麦籽粒产量及淀粉、可溶性糖和蛋白质含量,分别于苗期、拔节期、灌浆期和成熟期测试植株冠层温度、叶绿素含量、氮代谢酶活性和0-100 cm土层土壤有效氮含量。利用Logistic和偏最小二乘路径模型(PLS-PM)分别拟合分析植株氮吸收利用变化特征与最佳通路及影响因子。施用新型尿素可显著提高冬小麦产量,改善品质,处理间以T3最优,籽粒产量、可溶性糖和淀粉含量较T1分别提高28.53%、40.78%和34.97%。新型尿素施用可有效增强冬小麦各生育期光温利用效率,提高氮转化酶活性。与T1相比,T2-T5处理小麦叶绿素含量、谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)和硝酸还原酶(NR)分别平均提高20.14%、30.95%、34.17%、56.25%和30.66%,冠层温度则平均降低5.85%,处理间仍以T3表现较好。T3较T1和其余新型尿素处理氮素最大积累速率(Vmax)分别平均提高5.61%和3.95%,吸收峰值推迟出现(Tmax)3.99 d和2.73 d,快速积累期(Δt)增加5.28 d和1.30 d。此外,T3处理有效提高0-100 cm土壤有效氮含量,增强冬小麦氮土壤氮养分供应和吸收积累效率。PLS-PM结果显示,新型尿素通过提高肥料利用效率,进而增强植株干物质积累与养分吸收,最终促进冬小麦产量形成。施用新型尿素可显著提高冬小麦产量与籽粒品质,改善光温利用效能,增强氮代谢酶活性,同时提升氮肥利用率与土壤养分供应能力,促进植株养分积累,不同新型尿素处理间以控失尿素效果最好,本试验条件下可在华北平原冬小麦种植区推广施用。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To explore the comprehensive effects of different new types of urea application on winter wheat grain yield, quality, canopy temperature, chlorophyll content, enzyme activity, nitrogen absorption and utilization and the spatial distribution of soil available nitrogen, and thus to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the promotion and application of new types of urea. A field experiment was conducted in Xuchang City, Henan Province from 2024 to 2025, with six treatments: no nitrogen application (CK), common urea (T1), humic acid urea (T2), controlled-release urea (T3), stabilized urea (T4), and coated urea (T5). Grain yield and contents of starch, soluble sugar, and protein were measured at maturity stage. Canopy temperature, chlorophyll content, nitrogen metabolism enzyme activity, and soil available nitrogen content in 0-100 cm soil layer were tested at seedling, jointing, filling, and maturity stage, respectively. Logistic and partial least squares path model (PLS-PM) were used to fit and analyze the changes in nitrogen absorption and utilization characteristics of plants and the best pathways and influencing factors. Application of new types of urea significantly increased winter wheat yield and improved quality, with T3 being the best among the treatments. Compared with T1, the grain yield, soluble sugar, and starch content of T3 increased by 28.53%, 40.78%, and 34.97%, respectively. Application of new types of urea effectively enhanced the light and temperature utilization efficiency of winter wheat at different growth stages and increased nitrogen transformation enzyme activity. Compared with T1, the chlorophyll content, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOGAT), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and nitrate reductase (NR) of T2-T5 treatments increased by an average of 20.14%, 30.95%, 34.17%, 56.25%, and 30.66%, respectively, and the canopy temperature decreased by an average of 5.85%. Among the treatments, T3 performed the best. Compared with T1 and other new types of urea treatments, T3 increased the maximum nitrogen accumulation rate (Vmax) by an average of 5.61% and 3.95%, respectively, and delayed the peak absorption time (Tmax) by 3.99 days and 2.73 days, and increased the rapid accumulation period (Δt) by 5.28 days and 1.30 days. In addition, T3 effectively increased the soil available nitrogen content in 0-100 cm soil layer, enhanced the supply and absorption accumulation efficiency of soil nitrogen nutrients for winter wheat. The PLS-PM results showed that new types of urea promoted the formation of winter wheat yield by improving fertilizer utilization efficiency, thereby enhancing plant dry matter accumulation and nutrient absorption. Application of new types of urea significantly increased winter wheat yield and grain quality, improved light and temperature utilization efficiency, enhanced nitrogen metabolism enzyme activity, and increased nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate and soil nutrient supply capacity, promoting plant nutrient accumulation. Among different new types of urea treatments, controlled-release urea had the best effect. Under the conditions of this experiment, it can be promoted and applied in the winter wheat planting area of the North China Plain. |
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