| To elucidate the chromosomal and molecular genetic composition of the premium weak-gluten wheat variety Neimai 416, fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) and 660K wheat SNP array were employed to analyze Neimai 416 and its parental lines She 06-245 and J1094. The results showed that FISH analysis identified 42 chromosomes in the root tip cells of Neimai 416, with stable inheritance. The Oligo-pSc119.2 FISH signals on chromosomes 4A, 5A, 1B, and 6B differed from those of the maternal parent She 06-245, and except for 1B, also differed from the paternal parent J1094. The 660K SNP array results revealed that the maternal parent She 06-245 contributed 66.51% of the genetic material to Neimai 416, while the paternal parent J1094 contributed 33.49%, indicating a genetic bias towards the maternal parent in Neimai 416. At the genome level, the maternal parent She 06-245 exhibited higher genetic contributions to the A, B, and D genomes(73.84%, 60.73%, and 61.64%, respectively) compared to the paternal parent J1094. Chromosomally, except for chromosomes 1B, 6B, 4D, and 7D, She 06-245 showed greater genetic contributions than J1094 across all other chromosomes, with particularly great contributions on 7A(91.98%) and 3D(90.32%). Functional marker analysis revealed that Neimai 416 integrates multiple genes of high thousand-kernel weight(TaGS2B1, TaGW2-6B, TaGS-D1, TaSus2-2A, TaCwi, and TaGS2A1), along with superior alleles associated with disease resistance(COMT3B, 1-FEH-6B, TaDREB1, Vp1B1, and Lr34) and agronomic traits(Rht-D1b and TamybR_B1b). This study demonstrates that Neimai 416 exhibits chromosomal stability, a pronounced maternal-biased inheritance pattern, and carries multiple high thousand-kernel weight genes and resistance-related superior genes. |
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