| To clarify the effects of one-time basal application of different types of controlled-release fertilizers on rice-stubble wheat, a field experiment was conducted using the wheat cultivar Huaimai 139. Four types of controlled-release fertilizer treatments were applied: vegetable oil-coated controlled-release compound fertilizer(A, N 26%), polyurethane-coated controlled-release compound fertilizer(B, N 32%), polyurethane-coated controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer(C, N 43%), and water-based resin-coated nitrogen fertilizer(D, N 43%). A treatment with split application of urea was used as control(CK, nitrogen applied at a basal to tillering to jointing to booting ratio of 5∶1∶2∶2), and a non-nitrogen treatment(N0) was set up caculate the nitrogen efficiency. The dry matter production, nitrogen accumulation, yield and economic benefits of rice-stubble wheat under different treatments were analyzed. The results showed that, compared with CK, A and B treatments significantly reduced nitrogen accumulation from jointing to heading and from heading to maturity, as well as nitrogen use efficiency. In A and B treatments, the number of spikes, grains per spike, and thousand-kernel weight were significantly decreased, leading to lower yield. C treatment significantly increased nitrogen accumulation at all key growth stages, enhanced photosynthetic capacity, nitrogen use efficiency, dry matter accumulation at maturity, thousand-kernel weight, yield, and net economic benefits. Yields in 2021-2022 and 2022-2023 increased by 3.89% and 5.35%, respectively, and the net benefit in 2022-2023 increased by 3.27%. D treatment showed no significant difference compared with CK in nitrogen accumulation patterns or yield, indicating stable performance. In conclusion, one-time basal application of polyurethane-coated nitrogen fertilizer can effectively meet nitrogen demand during mid-to-late growth stages, optimize yield formation, and improve both yield and economic efficiency. |
基本信息
