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赵宇浩，靳海洋，王家瑞，葛胜修，苏亚中，赵国建，郑飞，何宁，程红建，李向东，邵云.生育中后期氮磷管理对小麦籽粒淀粉和蛋白质合成积累的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2025,(11):1528

生育中后期氮磷管理对小麦籽粒淀粉和蛋白质合成积累的影响

Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Management at Middle and Late Growth Stages on Synthesis and Accumulation of Starch and Protein in Wheat Grains

DOI：

中文关键词: 小麦生育中后期氮磷管理蛋白质合成淀粉合成产量

英文关键词:Wheat Midlle and late growth period Nitrogen and phosphorus Protein synthesis Starch synthesis Yield

基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFD2300800）；河南省重大科技专项（231100110200）；河南省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项（HARS-22-01-G5）；河南省农业科学院自主创新项目（2024ZC002）；河南省农业科学院科技创新团队项目

作者	单位
赵宇浩，靳海洋，王家瑞，葛胜修，苏亚中，赵国建，郑飞，何宁，程红建，李向东，邵云	（1. 河南师范大学生命科学学院，河南新乡 453007； 2.河南省农业科学院小麦研究所，河南省小麦产量-品质协同提升工程研究中心，河南郑州 450002； 3.陈克明食品股份有限公司，湖南长沙 410000； 4.开封市农林科学研究院，河南开封 475000）

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中文摘要:

为探明生育中后期氮磷管理对小麦籽粒淀粉和蛋白质合成积累的影响，以中强筋小麦品种郑麦1860为材料，通过2个试验点（开封龙亭和周口郸城）的单因素完全随机试验，在土壤施肥量一致的条件下设置拔节期追氮（CK）、拔节期开花期二次追施尿素处理（Nt）、开花后喷施尿素处理（Nu）、开花后喷施磷酸二氢钾处理（P）、拔节期开花期二次追施尿素+开花后喷施磷酸二氢钾处理（NtP）、开花后喷施尿素+磷酸二氢钾处理（NuP）等6个不同氮磷管理处理，分析了不同氮磷管理处理下小麦籽粒可溶性糖含量、淀粉合成酶活性、淀粉含量和氨基酸含量、氮代谢相关酶活性、蛋白质含量、成熟期干物质量、籽粒产量及其构成的差异。结果表明，与CK相比，开花后喷施尿素或磷酸二氢钾可显著提高两个试验点小麦籽粒可溶性糖含量，NuP处理的效果更大，增幅达到16.91~37.63个百分点；Nt处理仅提高了周口郸城试验点小麦籽粒淀粉合成酶活性，P处理均显著提高两个试验点小麦籽粒结合态淀粉合成酶和可溶性淀粉合成酶活性，NuP处理的效果更大，提高幅度为18.34%~32.24%；Nt处理对淀粉含量无显著影响，但NtP处理显著提高两个试验点小麦籽粒淀粉含量，NuP处理仅提高了开封龙亭试验点小麦籽粒淀粉含量；Nu处理仅提高了周口郸城试验点小麦籽粒氨基酸含量，NuP处理均显著提高两个试验点小麦籽粒氨基酸含量；NuP处理均显著提高两个试验点小麦籽粒谷氨酰胺合成酶和谷氨酸合成酶活性，Nt处理对蛋白质含量无显著影响，但NtP处理显著提高周口郸城试验点小麦籽粒蛋白质含量，NuP处理均显著提高两个试验点小麦籽粒蛋白质含量，在成熟期提高幅度为3.35~3.68个百分点。NtP和NuP处理均显著提高两个试验点小麦籽粒产量，提高幅度为8.12%~11.51%。综上，拔节期开花期二次追施尿素+开花后喷施磷酸二氢钾、开花后喷施尿素和磷酸二氢钾均能够促进小麦籽粒淀粉和蛋白质合成积累和增加产量。

英文摘要:

To investigate the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus management during mid-late growth stages on starch and protein synthesis and accumulation in wheat grains, a study was conducted using the medium-strong gluten wheat cultivar Zhengmai 1860. Two single-factor completely randomized experiments were implemented across two locations(Kaifeng Longting and Zhoukou Dancheng) with consistent soil fertilization rates. Six nitrogen-phosphorus management treatments were established:CK(control): topdressing urea at jointing stage; Nt: twice topdressing urea at jointing and flowering stages; Nu: post-flowering spraying urea; P: post-flowering spraying K₂HPO₄; NtP: twice topdressing urea at jointing and flowering stages + post-flowering spraying K₂HPO₄; NuP: post-flowering spraying urea and K₂HPO₄. The study analyzed differences in grain soluble sugar content, starch synthase activity, starch content, amino acid content, nitrogen metabolism-related enzyme activity, protein content, dry matter accumulation at maturity, grain yield, and yield components under these treatments. The results showed that compared with CK, post-flowering urea or K₂HPO₄ spraying significantly increased grain soluble sugar content at both sites. Notably, the NuP treatment demonstrated a more substantial effect, registering an increase of 16.91 to 37.63 percentage points; Nt enhanced starch synthase activity only at Zhoukou Dancheng, while P significantly increased both bound and soluble starch synthase activities at both sites, with NuP exhibiting superior effects(18.34%—32.24% increase); Nt had no significant effect on starch content, but NtP significantly increased starch content at both sites. NuP improved starch content only at Kaifeng Longting; Nu increased amino acid content only at Zhoukou Dancheng, whereas NuP enhanced it significantly at both sites; NuP significantly boosted glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase activities at both sites. Nt showed no effect on protein content, but NtP increased protein content at Zhoukou Dancheng, and the NuP treatment significantly increased the protein content in wheat grains at both experimental sites. During the maturity stage, the increase ranged from 3.35 to 3.68 percentage points; Both NtP and NuP significantly increased grain yield at both sites(8.12%—11.51%); In conclusion, combined treatments of twice topdressing urea at jointing and flowering stages with post-flowering K₂HPO₄ spraying (NtP) or post-flowering co-application of urea and K₂HPO₄ (NuP) effectively promoted starch and protein synthesis/accumulation and enhanced yield in wheat grains.

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