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作者	单位
黄欣，豆红光，丁文金，张海鹏，马尚宇，张文静，黄正来	（安徽农业大学农学院/农业部黄淮南部小麦生物学与遗传育种重点实验室，安徽合肥 230036）

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中文摘要:

为探究不同氮素水平下基施硫肥对皖北砂姜黑土区小麦产量与品质的影响，于2022—2024年在安徽省宿州市通过大田裂区试验，以小麦品种安农大1216和华成麦1688为供试材料，主区在基施纯氮196 kg·hm^-2的基础上设置0 kg·hm^-2（N1）和75 kg·hm^-2（N2）两个拔节期追氮水平，副区设置0 kg·hm^-2（S1）和18.29 kg·hm^-2（S2）两个施硫水平，比较分析了不同处理下小麦产量、品质、干物质积累和转运、光合特性的差异。结果表明，与N1S1处理相比，N2S2处理下小麦叶面积指数、穗数、穗粒数、籽粒产量及蛋白质含量的平均值分别增加13.43%、6.29%、2.82%、12.17%和1.07个百分点。相同施氮量下，S2的P_n、G_s和T_r均高于S1，C_i低于S1，花后干物质积累量和成熟期籽粒干物质分配量比S1平均提高7.78%和5.60%，穗数、穗粒数和产量的平均值分别增加3.75%、1.70%和6.14%。在氮硫基施量相同条件下，N2的小麦茎蘖数和叶面积指数高于N1，P_n、G_s和T_r较N1分别平均提高5.67%、16.62%和12.41%，花后干物质积累量和成熟期籽粒干物质分配量平均分别增加8.47%和6.23%，穗数、穗粒数、产量和蛋白质含量的平均值分别提高3.16%、1.39%、6.23%和2.05个百分点。综上所述，追施氮肥和基施硫肥可提高小麦叶面积指数和光合能力，促进花后干物质积累，最终增加小麦籽粒产量和蛋白质含量。

英文摘要:

To investigate the effects of sulfur fertilization on wheat yield and quality under different nitrogen levels in the lime concretion black soil area of northern Anhui Province, a field split plot experiment was conducted in Suzhou, Anhui Province, from 2022 to 2024. The wheat varieties tested were Annongda 1216 and Huachengmai 1688. The main plots were based on a basal nitrogen application of 196 kg·hm^-2, with two top dressed nitrogen levels of 0 kg·hm^-2 (N1) and 75 kg·hm^-2 (N2) at the jointing stage. The sub plot was set up with two sulfur levels of 0 kg·hm^-2(S1) and 18.29 kg·hm^-2 (S2). The study compared and analyzed the effects of different treatments on wheat yield, quality, dry matter accumulation and translocation, and photosynthetic characteristics. The results showed that compared to the N1S1 treatment, the N2S2 treatment increased the average values of leaf area index(LAI), spike number, grain number per spike, grain yield, and protein content by 13.43%, 6.29%, 2.82%, 12.17%, and 1.07 percentage points, respectively. Under the same nitrogen application rate, P_n, G_s, and T_r in the S2 treatment were higher than those in S1, while C_i was lower. The post flowering dry matter accumulation and grain dry matter distribution at maturity stage were on average 7.78% and 5.60% higher in S2, and the spike number, grain number per spike, and yield increased by 3.75%, 1.70%, and 6.14%, respectively. Under the same nitrogen sulfur fertilization level, N2 resulted in higher tiller number and leaf area index than N1, with P_n, G_s, and T_r increasing by 5.67%, 16.62%, and 12.41%, respectively. The post flowering dry matter accumulation and grain dry matter distribution at maturity stage were on average 8.47% and 6.23% higher, and the spike number, grain number per spike, yield, and protein content increased by 3.16%, 1.39%, 6.23%, and 2.05 percentage points, respectively. In conclusion, top dressing nitrogen fertilizer and basal sulfur application can enhance wheat leaf area index, improve photosynthetic capacity, promote post flowering dry matter accumulation, and ultimately increase wheat grain yield and protein content.

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