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马泉, 赵银博, 崔连瑞, 程喜洋, 许珂，张永涛, 徐莎莎, 朱敏, 丁锦峰, 李春燕, 朱新开,郭文善.碳基掺混肥及施用模式对稻茬小麦产量形成、氮效率和经济效益的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2025,(10):1372

碳基掺混肥及施用模式对稻茬小麦产量形成、氮效率和经济效益的影响

Effects of Carbon-Based Blended Fertilizers and Application Patterns on Yield Formation, Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Economic Benefit of Wheat Following Rice Stubble

DOI：

中文关键词: 碳基掺混肥小麦产量氮效率效益

英文关键词:Carbon-based blended fertilizer Wheat Yield Nitrogen use efficiency Benefit

基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目（32472226）；江苏省高等学校基础科学（自然科学）研究面上项目（24KJB210022）；国家资助博士后研究人员计划项目（GZC20232211）；江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目；扬州大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目（XCX20240697）

作者	单位
马泉, 赵银博, 崔连瑞, 程喜洋, 许珂，张永涛, 徐莎莎, 朱敏, 丁锦峰, 李春燕, 朱新开,郭文善	(1.扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/扬州大学小麦研究中心,江苏扬州 225009 2.粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心,江苏扬州 225009 3.江苏诺丽惠农农业科技有限公司,江苏南京 221001 4.扬州市气象局,江苏扬州 225000)

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中文摘要:

为明确新型碳基掺混肥对稻茬小麦产量、氮效率的调控效应，以F₁（24-12-8）、F₂（24-10-10）、F₃（18-10-7）和F₄（15-10-10）4种碳基掺混肥为材料，在肥料成本相近条件下，分别设置碳基掺混肥一次性基施（M₁）、两次分施（M₂）、两次分施条件下基肥补施尿素（M₃）或追肥补施尿素（M₄）4种施肥模式，以尿素常规4次分施为对照（CK），研究不同处理对小麦群体结构、叶片衰老、产量构成、氮效率和经济效益的影响。结果表明，4种碳基掺混肥在M₁模式下，成熟期穗数和茎蘖成穗率最低，且乳熟期叶面指数（LAI）和旗叶SPAD值与开花期相比降幅最大；与CK相比，减产7.96%～12.91%，氮肥表观利用率降低0.93～3.52个百分点，经济效益降低2 012.49～3 070.72元·hm^-2。与M₁模式相比，M₂、M₃和M₄模式可促进穗数、穗粒数和千粒重提升，产量分别平均提高12.60%、19.20%和16.46%；M₃模式更有利于促进小麦前期分蘖发生和干物质积累，生育后期可维持较高的群体LAI和旗叶SPAD值，增加成熟期干物质积累量和氮素积累量，产量和氮肥表观利用率分别较CK提升2.23%～12.19%和3.62～12.48个百分点。对经济效益进行分析，M₃模式产值最高，且节省2次追肥人工投入，与CK相比F₁、F₂和F₃均实现净效益提升，其中F₂的净效益最高，较CK提升1 399.65元·hm^-2。不同肥料比较，F₃和F₄的氮肥表观利用率较高，但产量和经济效益均较低；与其他肥料相比，在M₂、M₃和M₄模式下F₂的产量和效益均更高。综上，碳基掺混肥F₂在两次分施条件下，基肥补施尿素的施肥方式可协同提升小麦产量、经济效益和氮肥表观利用率，是促进稻茬小麦高效的施肥方式。

英文摘要:

In order to clarify the effect of the new carbon-based blended fertilizer(CBF) on wheat following rice stubble, using F₁(24-12-8), F₂(24-10-10), F₃(18-10-7) and F₄(15-10-10) as materials, four application patterns were designed under similar fertilizer cost conditions: CBF applied once pre sowing(M₁), CBF applied twice(M₂), and CBF applied twice along with urea supplemented pre-sowing(M₃) or at jointing stage(M₄). Using urea four times application as control(CK), the effects of different treatments on wheat population structure, leaf senescence, yield component, nitrogen efficiency, and economic benefit were studied. The results showed that M₁ had the lowest spike number at maturity stage and the percentage of ear bearing tiller, as well as the largest decrease of LAI and SPAD value at milking stage, resulting in a decrease rate in yield of 7.96%-12.91%, a decrease in apparent nitrogen use efficiency of 0.93-3.52 percentage points, and a decrease in net benefit of 2 012.49-3 070.72 yuan·hm^-2 compared with CK. Compared with M₁, M₂, M₃ and M₄ promoted spike number, kernel number per spike and 1 000-grain weight, and increased grain yield by 12.60%, 19.20% and 16.46%, respectively. M₃ was more conducive to improving tillering and matter accumulation at the early stage of wheat, promoting seedling strength, maintaining higher population LAI and flag leaf SPAD value, and increasing dry matter and nitrogen accumulation at maturity stage, which increased yield and apparent nitrogen use efficiency by 2.23%-12.19% and 3.62-12.48 percentage points compared with CK, respectively. From the perspective of economic benefit, M₃ achieved the highest output value and saved twice labor input of topdressing, and thus improved net benefit, compared with CK in F₁, F₂ and F₃, which achieved the highest net benefit in F₂, with an increase of 1 399.65 yuan·hm^-2 compared with CK. In different fertilizer formulations, F₃ and F₄ increased apparent nitrogen use efficiency but failed to reach the expected yield and benefits under the similar fertilizer costs. F₂ showed higher yield and benefits in M₂, M₃, and M₄ compared with other formula fertilizers. In summary, among different formulations of CBF, F₂ applied twice along with urea supplement pre-sowing is the most beneficial fertilizer method to synergistically improve wheat yield, economic benefit and apparent nitrogen use efficiency, which can promote the high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation of wheat following rice stubble.

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