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作者	单位
李赢，刘海翠，石晓旭，石吕，薛亚光，刘建，魏亚凤	（江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所/南通市循环农业重点实验室，江苏南通 226001）

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中文摘要:

为探究缓释肥在裸大麦上的高效施肥方式，以苏裸麦2号为材料，以树脂包膜缓释肥（PCU）和普通尿素（U）为氮源，设置8种施肥模式：100% PCU基施（T₁），75% PCU+25%U基施（T₂），50% PCU+50%U基施（T₃），25% PCU+75%U基施（T₄），100% U基施（T₅），60%PCU基施+40% PCU返青期追施（T₆），100%U分施（基肥∶苗肥∶拔节肥∶孕穗肥为50∶10∶25∶15，CK），不施氮（CK₀），分析了不同施肥模式对裸大麦生育期、产量及其构成因素、氮肥农学效率和品质的影响。结果表明，T₃、T₄、T₅和T₆处理的生育期显著短于CK(P<0.05)。T₆处理的产量和氮肥农学效率最高，较CK分别提高了2.35%和2.12%，但差异不显著，增产原因在于穗数和千粒重的提高，而T₁、T₂、T₃、T₄和T₅处理的产量和氮肥农学效率均低于CK。T₃处理的直链淀粉含量最低，较CK下降34.11%，支链淀粉含量和可溶性膳食纤维含量最高，分别较CK增加37.60%和22.21%，综合品质表现最好。经相关性分析，产量与穗数和穗粒数均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)，与粗蛋白含量呈显著正相关(P<0.05)，说明穗数、穗粒数和粗蛋白含量可作为选育高产裸大麦品种的目标性状。综合认为，60% PCU基施+40% PCU返青期追施的施氮模式可提高裸大麦的产量和氮肥农学效率，50% PCU+50% U基施的施氮模式下裸大麦的综合品质表现最佳。这两种处理可作为裸大麦推荐施肥模式。

英文摘要:

In order to explore the most efficient fertilization method of slow-release fertilizer in naked barley, Suluomai 2 was used as the experimental material, polymer coated urea(PCU) and urea(U) were selected as the nitrogen resources. Eight fertilization modes were designed. They were 100% PCU as basic fertilizer(T₁), 75% PCU and 25% U as basic fertilizer(T₂), 50% PCU and 50% U as basic fertilizer(T₃), 25% PCU and 75% U as basic fertilizer(T₄), 100% U as basic fertilizer(T₅), 60% PCU as basic fertilizer and 40% PCU as re greening fertilizer(T₆) and 0 N(CK₀), respectively, and 100% U(basal∶seedling∶jointing∶booting as 50∶10∶25∶15) was the control(CK). The effects of different fertilization models on growth period, yield and its components, nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency and quality of naked barley were studied. The results showed that the growth period of the T₃, T₄, T₅ and T₆ models was significantly shorter than that of CK. The yield and nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency of the T₆ model were the highest, which was increased by 2.35% and 2.12% than that of CK, respectively, mainly due to the increase of panicle number and 1 000 grain weight. The yield and nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency of the T₁, T₂, T₃, T₄ and T₅models which used all nitrogen as basic fertilizer were lower than those of CK. The T₃ model had the lowest amylose content, but the highest amylopectin content and soluble dietary fiber content, which was decreased by 34.11%, but increased by 37.60% and 22.21% than those of CK, respectively. Thus, the T₃ model had the best quality. The correlation analysis of 10 quantitative traits showed that yield was significantly positively correlated with panicle number(P<0.01), spikelet number per panicle(P<0.01), and crude protein content(P<0.05), which indicated that panicle number, spikelet number per panicle, and crude protein content can be used as the main target traits for high yield naked barley varieties breeding. Taken together, the T₆ model(60% PCU as basic fertilizer, 40% PCU as re greening fertilizer) was recommended, as it was conducive to achieving the purpose of increasing production and nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency; while the T₃ model(50% PCU and 50% U as basic fertilizer) would be a better choice to achieve the naked barley with better quality. These two models could be recommended as fertilization patterns for naked barley.

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