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作者	单位
刘海英，黄康兴，茹振钢，陈向东，董娜，陈芸，孔陈源，苏晨，吕怡婷，王亚楠	(1.河南师范大学生命科学学院，河南新乡 453007； 2.河南科技学院小麦中心，河南新乡 453003)

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中文摘要:

为探究水杨酸（salicylic acid，SA）对小麦温敏雄性育性的影响，以小麦温敏雄性不育系BNS366及其近等基因系郑麦366为试验材料，于2021-2022和2022-2023年生长季，在正常秋季播种（10月10日-10月13日）和晚播（12月1日）条件下，自小麦雌雄蕊原基分化期至开花期，采用酶联免疫法测定了幼穗和花药中内源SA含量；于2023-2024年生长季，自药隔期至开花期前，采用0、0.1、0.5、1.0、1.5 和2.0 mmol·L^-1 SA水溶液对小麦进行全株喷施处理，用I₂-KI法测定了花粉可育率，用国内法和国际法测定了自交结实率。结果表明，在2021-2022和2022-2023年生长季，在正常秋季播种（2021-2022和2022-2023）和2021-2022年生长季晚播条件下BNS366花粉全不育或高不育，其幼穗中SA含量在雌雄蕊原基分化期至四分体期低于同播期的郑麦366，花药中SA含量在单核中位期和三核期相比同播期的郑麦366较高；在2022-2023年生长季晚播条件下，BNS366花粉可育，其药隔期幼穗和单核中位期花药中SA含量均高于郑麦366。在2023-2024年生长季，与CK（0 mmol·L^-1 SA)相比，2.0 mmol·L^-1SA处理下，正常秋季播种和晚播的郑麦366的国际法自交结实率均显著提高（增幅分别为28.16和31.25个百分点），正常秋季播种的BNS366的国内法和国际法自交结实率也均显著提高（增幅分别为1.25和1.76个百分点）；在0.5 mmol·L^-1 SA处理下，晚播的BNS366的花粉可育率降低37.97个百分点，变化显著；在两个播期下，郑麦366和BNS366其他浓度SA处理的上述3个指标与CK差异均不显著。由此说明，在雌雄蕊原基分化期至四分体期BNS366幼穗中内源SA含量的不足可能促使其雄性不育；外源SA对郑麦366可育植株和BNS366不育植株的自交结实率可能具有升高效应，对BNS366可育植株的花粉可育率具有降低效应。

英文摘要:

To explore the effect of salicylic acid(SA) on male fertility of thermo-sensitive genic male sterile wheat line BNS366, BNS366 and its near-isogenic line Zhengmai 366 were used as materials, which were sown under conditions of normal sowing in autumn(from October 10 to October 13) and late sowing(on December 1), respectively. In the growth seasons of 2021-2022 and 2022-2023, indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA) was used to detect the endogenous SA content in young panicles and anthers from the differentiation stage of pistil and stamen primordium to anthesis. In the growth season of 2023-2024, the wheat was sprayed with 6 different concentrations(0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mmol·L^-1 ) of SA solution. The SA treatments began from the connective stage that the length of the spike was 1.0 cm and stopped just before anthesis. I₂-KI method was used to detect frequency of fertile pollen grains at anthesis stage. National and international methods were used to determine the self-seeding rate. The results showed that in the growth seasons of 2021-2022 and 2022-2023, compared with Zhengmai 366 sown on the same date, under the conditions of normal sowing in autumn(in the growth seasons of 2021-2022 and 2022-2023) and late sowing(in the growth season of 2021-2022), the content of SA in young panicles of BNS366(completely or high level of male sterility) was lower from the differentiation stage of pistil and stamen primordium to the tetrad stage, and higher in anthers at the uninucleate stage with small-vacuole and the trinucleate stage, and for BNS366(fertility) under the conditions of late sowing(in the growth season of 2022-2023), the SA content was higher in panicles at the connective stage and in anthers at the uninucleate stage with small-vacuole. In the growth season of 2023-2024, under the conditions of normal sowing in autumn and late sowing, under the treatment of 2.0 mmol·L^-1 SA, the international self-seeding rate of Zhengmai 366 was significantly increased by 28.16 and 31.25 percentage points than CK(0 mmol·L^-1), respectively, and under the conditions of normal sowing in autumn, the national and international self-seeding rate of BNS366 was significantly increased by 1.25 and 1.76 percentage points than CK, respectively. However under the conditions of late sowing, under the treatment of 0.5 mmol·L^-1 SA, the frequency of fertile pollen grains of BNS366 was significantly decreased by 37.97 percentage points than CK. Under the two sowing conditions, there were no significant differences in the three indices above mentioned of Zhengmai 366 and BNS366 under others SA treatments compared with CK. It was indicated that the lack of SA from the differentiation stage of pistil and stamen primordium to the tetrad stage might promote the occurrence of male-sterility; furthermore the exogenous SA increased the self-seeding rate of Zhengmai 366(fertility) and BNS366(male sterility), and decreased the frequency of fertile pollen grains of BNS366(fertility).

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