| 王 慧，刘大同，徐莎莎，高德荣，王君婵，江 伟，李东升，高致富，朱冬梅.耐迟播小麦品种扬麦25的苗期群体生长及产量形成特性[J].麦类作物学报,2025,(9):1235 |
| 耐迟播小麦品种扬麦25的苗期群体生长及产量形成特性 |
| Seedling Growth and Yield Formation Characteristics of Yangmai 25 under Late Sowing |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 小麦 迟播 幼苗生长 产量及其构成 |
| 英文关键词:Wheat Late sowing Seedling growth Yield component |
| 基金项目:国家现代农业产业技术体系项目（CARS-3-56）；农业生物育种国家科技重大专项（2023ZD040230503）；江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所科研发展资金项目［SJ（22）106］ |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 扬麦25在生产实践中表现出耐迟播高产特性。为明确其耐迟播机制，于2019—2020和2020—2021年度在江苏里下河地区农科所万福基地进行试验，以宁麦13、扬麦20为对照，设置4个播期（11月5日、11月15日、11月25日和12月5日,分别记为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ），对应基本苗分别为225万、300万、375万和450万株·hm-2，分析了迟播条件下扬麦25与该地区其他小麦主栽品种在越冬期个体分蘖发生和群体结构、结实特性及产量构成的差异，探寻扬麦25迟播高产的原因。结果表明，播期推迟后，扬麦25越冬期单株分蘖数均高于宁麦13和扬麦20，苗期繁茂性好，群体生物量大。与适播（Ⅰ）相比，迟播后扬麦25结实粒数和千粒重的下降幅度在3个品种中均最小，其中Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ播期结实粒数分别下降1.80%、7.62%和10.11%，而宁麦13分别下降3.79%、11.63%和16.18%，扬麦20分别下降5.14%、12.36%和20.45%。4个播期下扬麦25的千粒重和产量均高于扬麦20和宁麦13，迟播的减产幅度最小，稳产性好。综上所述，迟播条件下，扬麦25越冬期单株分蘖性好，个体发育健壮，群体结构协调，为后期产量形成奠定基础；结实粒数下降幅度最小，千粒重较为稳定，有利于实现迟播稳产高产。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Yangmai 25 has the potential of late sowing resistance and high yield in production. This experiment aimed to clarify its mechanism of late sowing resistance. The experiment was conducted in Wanfu Base of Lixiahe Institute of Agricultural Science, Jiangsu Province during 2019—2020 and 2020—2021, with Ningmai 13, Yangmai 20, and Yangmai 25 as materials. Four sowing dates were set up(November 5, November 15, November 25, and December 5, marked as Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ, respectively), with different planting density(2.25×106 plants·hm-2, 3.00×106 plants·hm-2, 3.75×106 plants·hm-2, and 4.50×106 plants·hm-2). The differences of individual tiller occurrence at over-wintering stage, population structure, grain setting characteristics and yield components were studied, to analyze the growth and development mechanism of Yangmai 25 achieving high yield under late sowing conditions. The results showed that when the sowing date was delayed, Yangmai 25 showed higher tiller number per plant compared with Ningmai 13 and Yangmai 20 at over-wintering stage, which had large population biomass at seedling stage. The grain number per spike and 1 000-grain weight of Yangmai25 showed a lowest decreasing trend under late sowing conditions. Compared with sowing date Ⅰ, Yangmai 25 showed the smallest decrease in grain number and thousand grain weight among the Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ sowiing dates, with a decrease rate of 1.80%, 7.62%, and 10.11% in grain number, while that of Ningmai 13 decreased by 3.79%, 11.63%, and 16.18%, and Yangmai 20 decreased by 5.14%, 12.36%, and 20.45%, respectively. Under four sowing periods, the 1 000-grain weight and yield of Yangmai 25 were higher than those of Yangmai 20 and Ningmai 13, with the smallest reduction in yield and good stability. In Summary, under the late sowing conditions, Yangmai 25 maintained high tiller ability per plant and individual developmental at over-wintering stage, and coordinated population structure, which could lay a foundation for high yield. Yangmai 25 had lowest decrease in grain number and stable 1 000-grain yield, which was conducive to realizing stable and high yield under late sowing. |
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