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作者	单位
王菲菲，黄伟祥，王睿，蔡洪梅，唐志伟，张志翔，喻思媛，翁颖，杨传敏，郑宝强，李金才，陈翔	(安徽农业大学农学院/作物抗逆育种与减灾国家地方联合工程实验室，安徽合肥 230036)

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中文摘要:

为探明安徽淮北平原砂姜黑土区长期不同季秸秆还田对小麦幼苗质量的影响，基于农业农村部华东地区作物栽培科学观测站小麦-玉米周年长期定位试验，以秸秆周年不还田为对照（CK）,设置小麦秸秆全量粉碎覆盖还田（T1）、小麦秸秆全量粉碎覆盖还田+玉米秸秆全量粉碎翻埋还田（T2）和玉米秸秆全量粉碎翻埋还田（T3）3种不同秸秆还田模式，比较分析了连续还田15年后不同处理下冬小麦幼苗农艺性状和干物质积累的差异。结果表明，与CK相比，秸秆还田降低了小麦三叶期至五叶期的次生根数、根体积和根平均直径，但促进了六叶期至越冬期的根系生长。越冬期T1、T2和T3处理的次生根数、根体积和根平均直径较CK均显著增加，次生根数增幅分别为18.64%、16.95%和11.86%，根体积增幅分别为16.89%、29.63%和20.63%，根直径增幅分别为19.26%、12.73%和14.42%。秸秆还田后三叶期至越冬期小麦幼苗的高度、叶面积指数、单株茎蘖数和干物质重均增加，六叶期至越冬期T1、T2和T3处理的光合势较CK分别提高了11.77%、9.45%和3.54%。通过对越冬期10个指标的主成分分析，提取出2个互相独立的综合指标，其方差贡献率分别为68.428%和26.961%，代表了全部数据95.389%的信息量，各处理小麦幼苗质量的评价指标综合得分表现为T1>T2>T3>CK。综合来看，长期秸秆还田可促进小麦根系和地上部植株的生长发育，进而提高幼苗质量，其中小麦单季秸秆全量粉碎覆盖还田对幼苗质量提升效果最好。

英文摘要:

In order to explore the effects of long-term straw returning in different seasons on the quality of wheat seedlings in lime concretion black soil area of Huaibei Plain in Anhui Province, based on the long-term positioning test of wheat-maize in the Crop Cultivation Scientific Observation Station of East China of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the differences in agronomic traits and dry matter accumulation of winter wheat seedlings under four different straw returning modes for 15 years were compared and analyzed, including no straw returning(CK), total crushing and mulching of wheat straw(T1), total crushing and mulching of wheat straw+total crushing and burying of corn straw(T2) and total crushing and burying of corn straw(T3). The results showed that compared with no straw returning, straw returning reduced the number of secondary roots, root volume and average root diameter of wheat from three-leaf stage to five-leaf stage, but promoted root growth from six-leaf stage to over-wintering stage. At the over-wintering stage, the number of secondary roots of T1, T2, and T3 treatments was significantly increased by 18.64%, 16.95%, and 11.86%, respectively, compared with CK. The root volume and average root diameter were significantly increased by 16.89%, 29.63%, 20.63% and 19.26%, 12.73%, 14.42%, respectively, compared with CK. Straw returning increased the seedling height, leaf area index, stem per plant and dry matter weight of wheat seedlings from three-leaf stage to over-wintering stage. From six-leaf stage to over-wintering period, the photosynthetic potential of T1, T2, and T3 treatments increased by 11.77%, 9.45% and 3.54%, respectively, compared with CK. Two independent comprehensive indices were extracted by principal component analysis of the 10 indices at over-wintering stage, and their contribution rates were 68.428% and 26.961%, respectively, representing 95.389% of the contribution of all data. The comprehensive score of evaluation index of wheat seedling quality in each treatment ranked as T1>T2>T3>CK. In summary, long-term straw returning can improve the quality of seedlings by promoting the growth and development of wheat roots and aboveground plants. Among them, the full crushing and mulching of wheat straw in single season has the best effect on improving the quality of seedlings.

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