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作者	单位
葛冬冬，王粤生，王长有，陈春环，刘新伦，邓平川，李停栋，王弘，郑祥博，杨海波，吉万全，赵继新	（1.西北农林科技大学农学院，陕西杨凌 712100； 2.陕西省种子工作总站，陕西西安 710018）

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中文摘要:

为了解近年来黄淮冬麦区南片国审小麦品种的产量、品质、抗病性及亲本使用情况，为小麦新品种培育提供参考，对2011-2024年黄淮冬麦区南片国审小麦品种的产量、品质、抗病性和亲本使用情况进行了分析。结果表明，2011至2024年黄淮南片国审通过小麦品种574个，其产量呈逐年增加趋势，年均增产58.4 kg·hm^-2；产量与千粒重呈极显著正相关（P<0.01），与穗粒数呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。品质性状中，容重、稳定时间、吸水率均呈缓慢增加趋势，湿面筋含量基本稳定。品质属中筋、强筋和中强筋的品种分别有459、26和67个，占比分别79.97%、4.53%和6.97%，优质品种呈增加趋势。抗病性方面，抗条锈病品种96个，占比16.72%，其中高抗和免疫品种40个，占比6.97%；无高抗赤霉病和白粉病品种，中抗赤霉病和白粉病品种分别有8和7个，占比分别为1.39%和1.22%；高抗和中抗纹枯病品种分别有2和5个，合计占比1.22%；兼抗2种以上病害的品种9个，占比1.57%。育种方式以单交组合育种为主，占比72.30%。分析亲本来源，574个品种共应用到489个亲本，其中5个亲本被高频使用，分别是周麦18（41次）、济麦22（43次）、百农矮抗58（73次）、周麦22（82次）和周麦16（90次）。黄淮冬麦区南片国审小麦品种中优质品种数量较少，抗赤霉病和白粉病品种欠缺，育种方式较为单一，亲本使用较为集中，今后应拓宽遗传基础，丰富育种方式，加强优质和抗病品种的培育。

英文摘要:

In order to understand the yield, quality, disease resistance and parental use of new wheat varieties in the southern Huanghuai winter wheat region in recent years, and to provide reference for the cultivation of new wheat varieties, this study analyzed the yield, quality, disease resistance, and parental use of wheat in the southern Huang-Huai winter wheat region from 2011 to 2024. The results showed that from 2011 to 2024, there were totally 574 wheat varieties, and the yield increased year by year, with an average annual increase of 58.4 kg·hm^-2. Among the three yield components, there was a significantly positive correlation between yield and 1 000-grain weight(P＜0.01). Yield was significantly correlated with the number of grains per spike(P＜0.05). Among the quality traits, the bulk density, stability time and water absorption all showed a slow increase trend, and the wet gluten content was basically stable. There are 459 medium-gluten varieties, accounting for 79.97%, 26 strong gluten varieties, accounting for 4.53%, and 67 medium-strong gluten varieties, accounting for 11.67%. High-quality varieties are on the increase. In terms of disease resistance, among the 574 varieties, 96 varieties are resistant to stripe rust, accounting for 16.72%, of which 40 varieties are highly resistant or immune, accounting for 6.97%. There are no varieties with high resistance to Fusarium head blight(FHB) or powdery mildew, only 8 and 7 varieties with moderate resistance to FHB and powdery mildew, accounting for 1.39% and 1.22%, respectively. There are only 2 and 5 varieties with high resistance and moderate resistance to sheath blight, accounting for 1.22% in total. There are 9 varieties resistant to more than two diseases, accounting for 1.57%. Single cross combination breeding is the main breeding method, accounting for 72.30%. A total of 489 parental materials were applied for breeding the 574 varieties, among which 5 parental materials were frequently used: Zhoumai 18(41 times), Jimai 22(43 times), Bainong Aikang 58(73 times), Zhoumai 22(82 times), and Zhoumai 16(90 times). The analysis showed that the number of good-quality varieties in the national approval of the southern Huang-Huai winter wheat region is small; the varieties resistant to FHB and powdery mildew are lacking; the breeding method is relatively simple, and the use of parental materials is relatively concentrated. In the future, we should broaden the genetic basis, enrich the breeding methods and strengthen the cultivation of good-quality and disease-resistant varieties.

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