|
| 2010-2024年江苏淮南麦区省审小麦品种表型性状变化及其亲本亲缘系数分析 |
| Analysis on Changes Phenotypic Traits and Coefficient of Parentage of Wheat Varieties in Huainan Area of Jiangsu Province from 2010 to 2024 |
| 投稿时间：2025-08-18 修订日期：2025-12-15 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 江苏淮南，亲缘系数，系谱，抗病性，小麦品种 |
| 英文关键词:Jiangsuhuainan, Coefficient of parentage, Pedigree, Disease resistance, Wheat varieties |
| 基金项目: |
|
| 摘要点击次数: 104 |
| 全文下载次数: 0 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 为明确江苏淮南麦区育成小麦新品种的表型特征及遗传背景,推动江苏省淮南高产优质绿色小麦新品种选育工作,本研究对2010-2024年江苏省审定的116个适合淮南麦区种植的小麦品种进行了系统分析。分析内容包括生育期、株高、产量三要素(穗数、穗粒数、千粒重)、品质性状和抗病性,同时追溯了品种的系谱信息,并利用亲缘系数和聚类分析方法对其遗传关系进行了研究。结果表明,2010-2024年江苏淮南麦区审定小麦品种的农艺性状和抗病性呈现显著改良趋势,品种的生育期平均缩短至207 d左右,较早期品种减少3-5 d；株高稳定在80-88 cm之间,平均84 cm左右；产量三要素中,每亩穗数增加5%,千粒重提高9%,穗粒数保持相对稳定；品质改良倾向于中强筋方向,中强筋小麦品种急剧增多。品种抗病性方面,保持中抗赤霉病水平,白粉病和黄花叶病毒病抗性增强,但抗纹枯病的品种仍较为缺乏。遗传关系分析表明,116个品种的6670对组合的遗传相似系数(COP)变异范围为0.000-0.656,平均COP为0.320。基于亲缘关系的聚类分析将供试小麦品种划分为4个类群,其中宁麦9号、宁麦13、扬麦158、镇麦9号和镇麦168等骨干亲本及其衍生品种构成三大核心类群,包含68.1%的审定品种。这些结果表明,江苏省淮南麦区品种的产量和品质性状有显著提升,但遗传基础相对狭窄,外源种质渗入和利用率低,可能会进一步导致江苏省淮南育成品种的遗传多样性不足。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to clarify the phenotypic traits and genetic background of new wheat varieties developed in Huainan of Jiangsu Province, and promote the breeding of new green wheat varieties with high-yield and good-quality in Huainan, this study systematically analyzed 116 wheat varieties approved by Jiangsu Province from 2010 to 2024 that are suitable for planting in Huainan wheat growing area. The analysis includes growth period, plant height, yield three factors (number of spikes, number of grains per spike, thousand grain weight), quality traits, and disease resistance. At the same time, the pedigree information of the varieties was traced, and the genetic relationship was studied using coefficient of parentage and cluster analysis methods. The results showed that the agronomic traits and disease resistance of wheat varieties approved in Huainan of Jiangsu Province from 2010 to 2024 showed a significant improvement trend. The average growth period of the varieties was shortened to about 207 days, which was 3-5 days less than that of early varieties. The average plant height was about 84cm, ranging from 80-88cm. Among the three factors of yield, the number of spikes per acre increased by 5%, the thousand grain weight increased by 9%, while the number of grains per spike remained relatively stable. Quality improvement tended to medium-strong gluten, and the number of medium-strong gluten wheat varieties increased sharply. In terms of disease resistance, variety maintains a moderate level of resistance to Fusarium head blight, with increased resistance to powdery mildew and yellow mosaic virus, but there is still a lack of varieties resistant to sheath blight. Coefficient of parentage analysis showed that the variation range of coefficient of parentage (COP) for 6670 combinations of 116 varieties was 0.000-0.656, with an average COP of 0.320. Based on the cluster analysis of coefficient of parentage, the tested varieties were divided into four groups. Among them, Ningmai 9, Ningmai 13, Yangmai 158, zhenmai 9 and Zhenmai 168 as the backbone parents and their derivative varieties, constitute the three core groups, including 68.1% of the approved varieties. These results indicate that there has been a significant improvement in the yield and quality traits of wheat varieties in Huainan wheat growing area, Jiangsu Province. However, the genetic basis is relatively narrow, and the infiltration and utilization rate of exogenous germplasm are low, which may further lead to insufficient genetic diversity in the varieties developed in Huainan of Jiangsu Province. |
|
查看/发表评论 下载PDF阅读器 |
| 关闭 |
|
|
|
基本信息
