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作者	单位
于姗，陈广周，贾永红，李家豪，李祎阳，连世昊，田文强，张金汕，石书兵	（新疆农业大学农学院，新疆乌鲁木齐 830052）

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中文摘要:

为解决新疆灌溉农业区因水资源时空分布不均而导致光合性能差、水分利用效率低的问题，以新疆北部主栽春小麦品种新春44号为材料，在减灌20%的条件下，采用双因素随机区组试验设计，设置颗粒状高分子吸水聚合物（SAP）、聚丙烯酸钾抗旱保水剂、聚丙烯酸钠抗旱保水剂和粉末状SAP共4种保水剂和3个用量水平(D1：30 kg·hm^-2；D2：45 kg·hm^-2；D3：60 kg·hm^-2），以不施保水剂为对照（CK），研究保水剂对春小麦光合性能、产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明，与CK相比，保水剂处理提高了开花期和灌浆期春小麦的光合特性，提升了旗叶PSⅡ反应中心潜在光能转换效率和电子传递链整体功能活性，增强了植株对光能的捕获和传递效率，提高了春小麦的籽粒产量（5.36%~28.90%）和水分利用效率。同一用量下，聚丙烯酸钠抗旱保水剂和粉末状SAP处理间春小麦光合特性、综合性能指数和产量间差异不显著，但较颗粒状SAP处理分别提高5.47%~26.75%、30.76%~51.80%和11.39%~20.60%；聚丙烯酸钠抗旱保水剂和粉末状SAP水分利用效率显著高于聚丙烯酸钾抗旱保水剂和颗粒状SAP。同一类型保水剂处理下，春小麦光合特性、荧光参数、产量和水分利用效率大小依次均为D3＞D2＞D1，且D2、D3处理产量较D1处理分别显著增加1.02%~3.60%和2.66%~9.21%，D2、D3处理的水分利用效率较D1处理分别显著增加1.16%~6.66%和2.12%~8.00%。本试验条件下，新疆春小麦光合特性、产量及水分利用效率均以聚丙烯酸钠抗旱保水剂施用60 kg·hm^-2处理下最高，是实现新疆减灌小麦高产和水分高效利用的最佳管理模式。

英文摘要:

In order to solve the problem of poor photosynthetic performance and low water use efficiency caused by uneven spatial and temporal distribution of water resources in irrigated agricultural areas of Xinjiang, the main spring wheat variety Xinchun 44 in northern Xinjiang was used as the material in this study. Under the condition of reducing irrigation by 20%, a two-factor randomized block design was used to set up four types of water-retaining agents:granular polymer water-absorbing polymer(SAP), potassium polyacrylate drought-resistant water-retaining agent, sodium polyacrylate drought-resistant water-retaining agent and powdered SAP and three dosage levels(D1: 30 kg·hm^-2; D2: 45 kg·hm^-2; D3: 60 kg·hm^-2), with no water-retaining agent as control(CK), the effects of water-retaining agent on photosynthetic performance, yield and water use efficiency of spring wheat were studied. The results showed that compared with CK, the water-retaining agent treatment improved the photosynthetic characteristics of spring wheat at flowering and filling stages, improved the potential light energy conversion efficiency of PSII reaction center in flag leaves and the overall functional activity of electron transport chain, and enhanced the light energy capture and transfer efficiency of plants. The grain yield(5.36%-28.90%) and water use efficiency of spring wheat were increased. Under the same application amount, there was no significant difference in photosynthetic characteristics, comprehensive performance indexs and yield of spring wheat between sodium polyacrylate drought-resistant water-retaining agent and powdered SAP treatment, but it was 5.47%—26.75%, 30.76%—51.80% and 11.39%—20.60% higher than granular SAP treatment. The water use efficiency of sodium polyacrylate drought-resistant water-retaining agent and powdered SAP was significantly higher than that of potassium polyacrylate drought-resistant water-retaining agent and granular SAP. Under the same type of water-retaining agent treatment, the photosynthetic characteristics, fluorescence parameters, yield and water use efficiency of spring wheat basically showed D3＞D2＞D1, and the yield showed that D2 and D3 significantly increased by 1.02%—3.60% and 2.66%—9.21% compared with D1, and the water use efficiency showed that D2 and D3 significantly increased by 1.16%—6.66% and 2.12%—8.00% compared with D1. Under the conditions of this experiment, the photosynthetic characteristics, yield and water use efficiency of spring wheat in Xinjiang were the highest under the management mode of sodium polyacrylate water retaining agent and 60 kg·hm^-2, it is the best management mode to achieve high yield and high water use efficiency of reduced irrigation wheat in Xinjiang.

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