| 卢素豪，吕天宇，韩潇杰，田培培，李双静，王晨阳，马冬云，康国章，马 耕，王丽芳.施氮量对冬小麦氮素分配利用和茎秆维管束结构的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2025,(8):1049 |
| 施氮量对冬小麦氮素分配利用和茎秆维管束结构的影响 |
| Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Nitrogen Allocation and Utilization and Stem Vascular Bundle Structure of Winter Wheat |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 施氮量 冬小麦 茎秆维管束结构 产量 氮素利用效率 |
| 英文关键词:Nitrogen application rate Winter wheat Stem vascular bundle structure Yield Nitrogen use efficiency |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划资助（2024YFD2301200,2022YFD2300801）；国家自然科学基金项目（32001475）；河南省作物学流动站博士后研究人员资助（HN2022099） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究适宜施氮量对冬小麦产量和氮素利用效率协同提高的作用机制，以强筋小麦品种丰德存麦5号为试验材料，设置施氮量0 kg·hm-2（N0）、180 kg·hm-2（N180）和300 kg·hm-2（N300）3个处理，分析了施氮量对冬小麦茎秆节间形态特征、节间维管束结构、干物质和氮素积累转运及产量和氮利用效率的影响。结果表明，施氮增加了小麦茎秆节间直径、大维管束数目（NBV）（倒三节间除外）、大维管束平均面积（MABV）、大维管束总面积（TABV）、小维管束数目（NSV）、小维管束平均面积（MASV）和小维管束总面积（TASV）。与N0处理相比，N180和N300处理下节间直径增幅分别为14.80%~29.95%和10.80%~29.41%，NBV增幅分别为3.35%~28.39%和1.05%~17.91%，NSV增幅分别为17.32%~41.69%和13.25%~33.31%，MABV增幅分别为4.49%~20.10%和3.75%~9.91%，TABV增幅分别为8.19%~48.87%和5.10%~27.58%，MASV增幅分别为1.94%~20.47%和0.49%~15.53%，TASV增幅分别为41.50%~59.79%和19.76%~50.67%。施氮提高了开花期营养器官干物质和氮素积累量，显著增加了花前干物质转运量、花后干物质积累量、花前氮素转运量及其对籽粒氮素的贡献率，且均以N180处理最高。与N0处理相比，N180和N300处理的产量分别提高271.95%和215.81%，穗数分别增加195.29%和147.38%，穗粒数分别增加40.87%和34.42%。与N300处理相比，N180处理的氮素利用效率、氮素吸收效率、氮肥农学效率和氮肥偏生产力均增加。综合来看，本试验条件下，施氮量180 kg·hm-2有利于冬小麦节间增粗和维管束发育，可促进花前干物质和氮素在花后向籽粒的转运，从而实现产量和氮素利用效率协同提高。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To investigate the mechanism behind the synergistic improvement of yield and nitrogen use efficiency in winter wheat under appropriate nitrogen application rate, a strong gluten wheat cultivar Fengdecun 5 was used as the experimental material and three nitrogen fertilization treatments \[0 kg·hm-2(N0), 180 kg·hm-2(N180) and 300 kg·hm-2(N300)\] were set up. The study analyzed the effects of nitrogen application rate on internode morphological characteristics, vascular bundle structure, dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and translocation, as well as yield and nitrogen use efficiency in winter wheat. The results showed that nitrogen application increased internode diameter, number of big vascular bundles(NBV)(except for the 3rd top internode below the spike), mean area of big vascular bundles(MABV), total area of big vascular bundles(TABV), number of small vascular bundles(NSV), mean area of small vascular bundles(MASV), and total area of small vascular bundles(TASV). Compared with N0, the internode diameter of N180 and N300 treatments increased by 14.80%-29.95% and 10.80%-29.41%, NBV increased by 3.35%-28.39% and 1.05%-17.91%, NSV increased by 17.32%-41.69% and 13.25%-33.31%, MABV increased by 4.49%-20.10% and 3.75%-9.91%, TABV increased by 8.19%-48.87% and 5.10%-27.58%, MASV increased by 1.94%-20.47% and 0.49%-15.53%, TASV increased by 41.50%-59.79% and 19.76%-50.67% respectively. Nitrogen application increased dry matter and nitrogen accumulation in vegetative organs at anthesis, and also increased the pre-anthesis dry matter translocation, post-anthesis dry matter accumulation, pre-anthesis nitrogen translocation and its contribution rate to grain nitrogen, and N180 treatment was the highest. Compared with N0, the grain yield of N180 and N300 treatments increased by 271.95% and 215.81%, spike number increased by 195.29% and 147.38%, and grain number per spike increased by 40.87% and 34.42%, respectively. Compared with N300, nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen uptake efficiency, agronomic use efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer and partial factor productivity of N180 treatments were increased. Collectively, under the experimental conditions, 180 kg·hm-2 nitrogen application was conducive to increase the diameter of internode and promote the development of internode vascular, facilitates the post-anthesis translocation of pre-anthesis dry matter and nitrogen to grains, and thereby achieves synergistic improvement in yield and nitrogen use efficiency. |
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