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作者	单位
楚宗丽，唐明明，孙红双，陈锋，张天海，王付娟，李淑梅，曹永润，李亮杰	(1.信阳农林学院,河南信阳 464000； 2.河南农业大学农学院/省部共建小麦玉米作物学国家重点实验室/河南省粮食作物协同创新中心,河南郑州 450002 )

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中文摘要:

为了揭示小麦幼胚离体再生过程中的特征变化，以周麦18、郑麦004等8个小麦品种的幼胚为材料，进行愈伤组织的诱导和再分化培养，观察和分析了小麦幼胚离体培养过程中胚性愈伤组织的形成、体细胞胚胎发生及器官发生过程中的组织结构及形态特征变化。结果表明,胚性愈伤的再分化可分为直接成芽、先叶后芽及芽叶混生3种类型。3种分化类型的器官发生表现：直接成芽型随着芽的生长幼叶逐渐展开；先叶后芽型在幼叶边缘、叶片之间组织长出新叶片、不定芽及不定根；芽叶混生型同时具有前两者的特点，且多种器官同时发生。体细胞胚胎发生分为三个阶段：胚胎发育早期、分化成芽和分化发育成器官，三个发育阶段的体胚会同时存在同一组织中。生长后期，直接成芽型较其它两种方式芽苗生长整齐一致，且与芽叶混生型两者都与分化率正相关。

英文摘要:

To reveal the characteristics changes during the in vitro regeneration of wheat immature embryos, this study used immature embryos from eight wheat varieties, including Zhoumai 18 and Zhengmai 004, as materials to induce callus formation and conduct redifferentiation culture. The structural and morphological changes during the formation of embryogenic callus, somatic embryogenesis, and organogenesis in the in vitro culture of wheat immature embryos were observed and analyzed. The results showed that the redifferentiation of embryogenic callus can be divided into three types: direct bud formation, leaf-before-bud, and mixed bud-leaf growth. The organogenesis of these three differentiation types manifested as follows: in the direct bud formation type, young leaves gradually unfolded as the buds grew; For the leaf-before-bud type, new leaves, adventitious buds, and adventitious roots emerged from the edges of young leaves or the tissue between leaves; the mixed bud-leaf type exhibited characteristics of both the former types, with multiple organs developing simultaneously. Somatic embryogenesis was divided into three stages: early embryonic development, differentiation into buds, and differentiation into organs, with somatic embryos at all three developmental stages coexisting in the same tissue. In the later growth stages, the direct bud formation type showed more uniform and consistent seedling growth compared to the other two types, and both the direct bud formation and mixed bud-leaf types were positively correlated with the differentiation rate.

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