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作者	单位
宫文萍，汪晓潞，韩冉，刘爱峰，李豪圣，刘建军，徐文竞，刘成	（山东省农业科学院作物研究所/小麦玉米国家工程研究中心/小麦育种全国重点实验室/农业部黄淮北部小麦生物学与遗传育种重点实验室/山东省小麦技术创新中心，山东济南 250100）

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中文摘要:

单芒山羊草1N染色体上含有小麦育种所需的优异基因，为快速准确鉴定小麦背景中的单芒山羊草1N染色质，本研究利用合成的212对引物对单芒山羊草、一套小麦-单芒山羊草附加系和小麦对照进行分析。结果表明，引物TNAC1006、TNAC1017、TNAC1029和TANC1031的扩增产物经Taq Ⅰ酶切后，在单芒山羊草和小麦-单芒山羊草1N附加系中分别获得长度为900、1 200、1 800和400 bp的多态性片段，而在其他供试材料中未获得这些多态性片段，因此它们可作为特异分子标记用于小麦背景中的1N染色质检测。利用建立分子标记筛选小麦-单芒山羊草1N附加系和中国春杂交F₂群体，同时用以Oligo-pSc119.2-1和Oligo-pTa535-1为探针的双色FISH鉴定相应单株，结果发现，单株N91和N350含有杂合1NS·1NS等臂染色体，N46含有杂合1N+1NL·1NL染色体，N319含有杂合1BS·1NS易位染色体。进一步对上述4个单株的207个自交后代单株进行分子标记和FISH鉴定，结果仅获得1份小麦-单芒山羊草1NS·1NS纯合易位系。为研究清楚获得纯合易位系比例极低的原因，以1BS·1NS+1B杂合系与济麦38为材料进行测交，结果证实1BS·1NS仅通过雌配子传递。

英文摘要:

The 1N chromosome of Aegilops uniaristata contains superior genes essential for wheat breeding. To rapidly and accurately identify the 1N chromosome of Aegilops uniaristata from a wheat background, this study utilized 212 primer pairs to analyze Aegilops uniaristata, a set of wheat-Aegilops uniaristata addition lines, with a wheat material as control. The results showed that after digestion with Taq Ⅰ enzyme, the amplification products of primers TNAC1006, TNAC1017, TNAC1029, and TANC1031 yielded polymorphic fragments of 900, 1200, 1800, and 400 bp in Aegilops uniaristata and the wheat-Aegilops uniaristata 1N addition lines, respectively. These polymorphic fragments were not observed in other tested materials, and thus they can serve as specific molecular markers for detecting 1N chromosome in a wheat background. Using these established molecular markers, the wheat-Aegilops uniaristata 1N addition lines and the F₂ population of Chinese Spring hybrids were screened. Simultaneously, dual-color FISH with Oligo-pSc119.2-1 and Oligo-pTa535-1 as probes was used to identify the corresponding individual plants. It was found that plants N91 and N350 contain heterozygous 1NS·1NS isochromosomes; N46 contains a heterozygous 1N+1NL·1NL chromosome; and N319 contains a heterozygous 1BS·1NS translocation chromosome. Further molecular marker and FISH analysis of the 207 self-pollinated progeny from these four plants yielded only one homozygous wheat-Aegilops uniaristata 1NS·1NS translocation line. To investigate the reason for the extremely low proportion of homozygous translocation lines obtained, a test cross was conducted using the 1BS·1NS+1B heterozygous line and Jimai 38 as materials. The results confirmed that 1BS·1NS is transmitted only through female gametes.

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