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| 小麦矮秆突变体豫同194的突变位点鉴定及矮化效应分析 |
| Mutation Sites Identification and Dwarfing Effect Analysis of Wheat Dwarf Mutant Yutong 194 |
| 投稿时间：2025-07-28 修订日期：2025-12-14 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 小麦 矮秆突变体 变异位点 矮秆基因 赤霉素 |
| 英文关键词:Wheat dwarf mutant variation sites dwarf gene gibberellin |
| 基金项目:河南省现代农业产业技术体系项目(HARS-22-01-Z1)；河南省重点研发专项 (231111110200)；河南省科技研发计划联合基金重点项目(235200810010)；河南省科学院基本科研业务费项目(240604029)；河南省科学院科技成果转化培育助推项目(20253804002) 陈晓杰1,2,赵婉1,王宏正1,马旭辉1,王嘉欢1,2,程仲杰1,张建伟1,张福彦1,2 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为明确矮秆突变体豫同194的变异位点、矮秆基因组成及矮化效应，以其亲本周麦18为对照，利用外显子捕捉测序验证其突变真实性并挖掘变异位点，同时开展矮秆基因分子检测、苗期赤霉素(GA3)敏感性试验及株高与产量性状分析。结果表明：豫同194为周麦18的真实突变体，两者遗传一致性高达99.63%；差异SNP在染色体上呈非随机富集，主要富集于2B（52.62%）、5A（11.49%）和2D（6.25%）染色体；其中2B染色体上96.93%的差异位点（253个）集中分布于4个区段，总长38.42 Mb。矮秆基因检测显示，两者均携带Rht-D1b（Rht2）、Rht9和Rht24基因；而豫同194可能额外携带Rht8基因。赤霉素敏感性试验表明，两者均对外源GA3不敏感，符合Rht-D1b+Rht24组合的赤霉素响应特性。田间表型分析揭示，豫同194株高在不同种植条件下均显著低于周麦 18（点播条件降低 9.83%，小区条件降低 11.98%），矮化主要源于基部3个节间和倒2节间的显著缩短（降幅 12.09%-29.08%）；矮化未对穗粒数、千粒重等产量性产生明显负效应；反而通过优化株型（降低重心、维持上部光合空间）显著提高了分蘖成穗率（点播单株分蘖增加15.5%，穗数增加8.63%），最终实现增产（增产3.88%）。本研究初步锁定了豫同194的变异区域，明确了其矮秆基因组成，揭示了其在协同改良株高与产量性状方面的应用潜力，为该突变体的育种利用及进一步遗传分析、基因定位与克隆提供了重要依据。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To clarify the variation sites, dwarfing gene composition and dwarfing effect of dwarf mutant Yutong 194, its parent Zhoumai 18 was used as the control. Exome capture sequencing was employed to verify the authenticity of the mutation and mine variation sites. Additionally, molecular detection of dwarfing gene, gibberellin (GA3) sensitivity tests at seedling stage, and analyses of plant height and yield-related traits were conducted. The results showed that Yutong 194 is a true mutant of Zhoumai 18, with a genetic identity of 99.63% between them. The differential SNPs were non-randomly enriched on chromosomes, primarily on 2B (52.62%), 5A (11.49%), and 2D (6.25%). Notably, 96.93% of the differential loci (253 loci) on chromosome 2B were concentrated within four regions, spanning a total length 38.42 Mb. Dwarfing gene detection revealed that both lines carry the Rht-D1b (Rht2), Rht9, and Rht24 genes, while Yutong 194 may additionally carry the Rht8. Gibberellin sensitivity tests indicated that both lines are insensitive to exogenous GA?, consistent with the characteristic response of Rht-D1b + Rht24 gene combination. Field phenotypic analysis demonstrated that Plant height of Yutong 194 was significantly lower than Zhoumai 18 under different planting conditiongs (9.83% reduction under hill-drop sowing and 11.98% reduction under plot conditions). The dwarfism was mainly attibutable to the significant shortening of the basal three internodes and the penultimate internode (12.09% -29.08%). The dwarfing did not adversely effect key yield components such as grains per spike or 1000-grain weight. In fact, by optimizing plant architecture (lowered center of gravity, maintained photosynthetic space), the mutant significantly increased the tiller-to-panicle conversion rate, with a 15.5% increase in tiller per plant and an 8.63% increase in panicle number, ultimately leading to a yield increase of 3.88%. This study preliminarily locked the variation region of Yutong 194, clarified its dwarfing gene composition, and revealed its potential for synergistic improvement of plant height and yield-related traits. The findings provide an important basis for the breeding utilization of this mutant and further genetic analysis, gene mapping, and cloning. |
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