| Thousand-kernel weight is one of the key yield components in modern wheat breeding where significant progress has been made through genetic improvement. It is crucial to conduct in-depth research on the important genes controlling wheat kernel weight and their functions. In this study, molecular markers for five genes related to wheat kernel weight (TaSus2-2B, TaGW8-B, TaCwi-A1, TaGS-D1, and TaGW2-6A) were used to test 263 new wheat varieties (lines) collected from the 2023—2024 national trials in the Huanghuai wheat region. Among these varieties (lines), all kernel weight-related genes existed in combinations. There were nine types of combinations for the five prior haplotypes, specifically: TaGW8-Bla + TaGW2-6A-A, TaSus2-2Ba + TaGW8-Bla + TaGW2-6A-A, TaGW8-Bla + TaGS-D1a + TaCwi-A1a, TaGW8-Bla + TaGS-D1a + TaGW2-6A-A, TaGW8-Bla + TaCwi-A1a + TaGW2-6A-A, TaSus2-2Ba + TaGW8-Bla + TaGS-D1a + TaGW2-6A-A, TaGW8-Bla + TaGS-D1a + TaCwi-A1a + TaGW2-6A-A, TaSus2-2Ba + TaGW8-Bla + TaCwi-A1a + TaGW2-6A-A, and TaSus2-2Ba + TaGW8-Bla + TaGS-D1a + TaCwi-A1a + TaGW2-6A-A. Among these combinations, the TaSus2-2Ba + TaGW8-Bla + TaGW2-6A-A combination had the lowest frequency at 1.90%, while the TaGW8-Bla + TaGS-D1a + TaCwi-A1a + TaGW2-6A-A combination had the highest frequency at 31.56%. Further evaluation and analysis of kernel traits in 2023 in Zhengzhou and Zhumadian and in 2024 in Xinxiang revealed that among these nine gene combination types, the three varieties with the TaGW8-Bla + TaGW2-6A-A type had the lowest average kernel weight across the three environments, whereas varieties with the TaSus2-2Ba + TaGW8-Bla + TaGS-D1a + TaCwi-A1a + TaGW2-6A-A type had the highest average kernel weight across the three environments. The results of this study indicated that increasing the number of superior haplotypes can enhance the kernel weight of wheat varieties in the Huanghuai wheat region. |
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