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作者	单位
王春艳，杨习文，周苏玫，谢松鑫，贾晓雯，胡乃月，贺德先	（河南农业大学农学院/国家小麦工程技术研究中心/省部共建小麦玉米作物学国家重点实验室/河南粮食作物协同创新中心，河南郑州 450046）

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中文摘要:

为明确小麦迟熟品种根系特征特性及其与产量形成的关系，以9个熟性不同的半冬性小麦品种为试验材料，同步开展实施室外盆栽和大田试验，系统探索了不同熟性小麦品种根系的形态、数量特征和生理特性。结果表明，迟熟品种的根长、根表面积、根体积和根干重在返青至蜡熟期均显著高于早熟和中熟品种，其中开花期比早熟品种分别高43.02%、39.26%、48.93%和31.01%，比中熟品种分别高26.13%、24.63%、33.72%和20.82%；同时，开花期迟熟品种0~100 cm土层的根长密度、根表面积密度、根体积比和根干重密度均显著高于早熟和中熟品种。开花期迟熟品种单株次生根数平均为48.27条，分别比早熟和中熟品种多6.92和5.07条。越冬至蜡熟期间，迟熟品种根系活力均显著高于早熟和中熟品种，其中拔节期比早熟和中熟品种分别高36.39%和15.02%。开花至蜡熟期间，与早熟和中熟品种相比，迟熟品种根系抗氧化酶活性显著提高，根中MDA含量和根长衰减率显著下降，其中根长衰减率降幅分别为16.19%和10.88%。综合来看，与早熟和中熟品种相比，迟熟品种的根系性状表现较好，不仅具有较优的根长、根表面积、根体积、根干重、次生根数和根系活力，还具有较优的抗衰老能力。

英文摘要:

To identify the root characteristics of late-maturity semi-winterness wheat varieties and their relationship with yield formation, nine semi-winterness wheat varieties with different maturity were selected as experimental materials. Through the simultaneous implementation of outdoor pot and field experiments, the root morphology, quantitative and physiological characteristics of different maturity wheat varieties were comprehensively studied. The results showed that the root length, root surface area, root volume and root dry weight of late-maturity varieties were significantly higher than those of early-and medium-maturity varieties from re-greening to late maturity stage. At anthesis stage, the root length, root surface area, root volume, and root dry weight of late-maturity varieties were 43.02%, 39.26%, 48.93 and 31.01% higher than those of early-maturity varieties, and 26.13%, 24.63%, 33.72 and 20.84 higher than those of medium varieties, respectively. The root length density, root surface area density, root volume ratio, and root dry weight density of late-maturity varieties were significantly higher than those of early-and medium-maturity varieties in the 0-100 cm soil layer at anthesis. The number of nodal roots per plant of late-maturity varieties was 48.27 at anthesis, which was 6.92 and 5.07 higher than that of early- and medium-maturity varieties, respectively. The root vigor of late-maturity varieties was significantly higher than that of early- and medium-maturity varieties from wintering to late maturity stage, 36.39% and 15.02% higher than that of early- and medium-maturity varieties at jointing stage, respectively. From anthesis to late maturity stage, antioxidant enzyme activity in roots of late-maturity varieties was significantly higher than that of early- and medium-maturity varieties, while malondialdehyde(MDA) content in roots was significantly lower than that of early- and medium-maturity varieties, and the root length decay rate was significantly lower than that of early- and medium-maturity varieties, with the reduction rate of 16.19% and 10.88%, respectively. In summary, compared with early- and medium-maturity varieties, late-maturity varieties have better root traits, which are reflected in root length, root surface area, root volume, root dry weight, nodal root number, root vigor, and anti-aging ability.

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