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作者	单位
冯浩伟，吕新华，王胜楠，张永巧，丁宁，王文宣，姜文焕，林祥，王东	（西北农林科技大学农学院/作物抗逆与高效生产全国重点实验室，陕西杨凌 712100）

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中文摘要:

为探究分层施氮对冬小麦干物质积累与分配及籽粒产量的影响，选用冬小麦品种伟隆169为试验材料，以控释尿素（含氮量44%，控释期3个月）作氮肥，氮磷钾肥均于播种期一次施用，设置两种施氮方式（单层条施：施肥深度8 cm；分层条施：按1∶2∶1的比例分别条施于8、16、24 cm土层）和三个施氮水平（常规施氮：240 kg·hm^-2；减氮20%：192 kg·hm^-2；减氮40%：144 kg·hm^-2），比较分析了不同处理下冬小麦群体和干物质变化动态、开花后干物质同化和再分配、籽粒产量及其构成因素的差异。结果表明，相同施氮方式下，冬小麦成熟期干物质积累量和籽粒产量随施氮量的增大而显著增加；在施氮192和240 kg·hm^-2条件下，与单层施氮相比，分层施氮对拔节前单位面积茎数和干物质积累量无显著影响，但显著提高成穗率和拔节至成熟期干物质积累量，其中成穗率增幅为2.2~2.5个百分点；分层施氮后成熟期干物质积累量和籽粒产量分别提高11.1%~12.3%和10.0%~12.0%；分层施氮192 kg·hm^-2处理的成熟期穗数、干物质积累量和籽粒产量与单层施氮240 kg·hm^-2处理无显著差异。这说明分层施氮条件下即使减量20%施氮也能获得与单层常规施氮量处理相当的籽粒产量，继续增加施氮量至240 kg·hm^-2时，冬小麦籽粒产量进一步显著提高。

英文摘要:

In order to explore the effects of layered nitrogen application on accumulation and distribution of dry matter, and yield of winter wheat, Weilong 169 was selected as the experimental variety, and controlled-release urea(nitrogen content 44%, controlled-release period of 3 months) was selected to fertilize at one time at the sowing stage. Two nitrogen application methods(N8: 8 cm basal fertilizer single-layer strip application; N121: basal fertilizer was applied to 8, 16, and 24 cm soil layers at a ratio of 1∶2∶1) were conducted with three nitrogen application rates(conventional nitrogen application: 240 kg·hm^-2; nitrogen reduction 20%: 192 kg·hm^-2; nitrogen reduction 40%: 144 kg·hm^-2). The dynamics of winter wheat population and dry matter change, dry matter assimilation and redistribution after flowering, grain yield and its components were studied. The results showed that under the same fertilization method, the dry matter accumulation and grain yield of winter wheat at maturity increased significantly with the increase of nitrogen application rate. When the nitrogen application rate was 192—240 kg·hm^-2, there was no significant difference in the number of stems and dry matter accumulation per unit area before jointing in winter wheat compared with single-layer nitrogen application treatment, the dry matter accumulation and panicle rate after jointing were significantly increased, among which the panicle rate increased by 2.2—2.5 percentage points, the dry matter accumulation at maturity increased by 11.1%—12.3%, and the grain yield increased by 10.0%—12.0%. At the same time, there was no significant difference in panicle number, dry matter accumulation and grain yield at maturity in N121 20% nitrogen reduction treatment compared with N8 conventional nitrogen application treatment. The results showed that even if the nitrogen application rate was reduced by 20%, the grain yield of the conventional nitrogen application rate of N8 treatment could be obtained, and the grain yield of winter wheat could be significantly increased by increasing the nitrogen application rate to 240 kg·hm^-2, and the yield of winter wheat could be significantly increased compared with the N8 conventional nitrogen application rate.

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