欢迎访问《麦类作物学报》编辑部网站

作者	单位
蔡文良, 宋孝红, 魏杰, 刘兴强,李琳琳, 刘晓燕, 李中华, 王鹏, 崔冲霄, 陈广周, 张宾, 赵凯男, 李升东	（1.济宁市农业技术推广中心，山东济宁 272000； 2.山东省德州市齐河县农副渔业发展中心，山东德州 251100；3.滕州市农业技术推广中心，山东枣庄 277599； 4.山东省农业科学院作物研究所，山东济南 250100；5.青岛农业大学农学院，山东青岛 266109）

摘要点击次数: 273

全文下载次数: 156

中文摘要:

为明确氮肥减量后移对黄淮海平原小麦籽粒产量和品质的调控效应，于2020年10月至2023年6月3个年度在山东省农业科学院济阳基地进行氮肥相关试验，分析了传统农户处理（F₂₀₀，基肥130 kg·hm^-2+返青肥70 kg·hm^-2）、施氮模式1（N₁，基肥和返青肥各90 kg·hm^-2）、施氮模式2（N₂，返青肥60 kg·hm^-2+抽穗肥80 kg·hm^-2）、施氮模式3（N₃，基肥40 kg·hm^-2+返青肥60 kg·hm^-2+抽穗肥80 kg·hm^-2）4种氮肥处理对小麦产量及构成要素、植株氮素积累特性、蛋白质及组分含量、一次加工品质以及二次加工品质的影响。结果表明，氮肥减量后移有利于提高小麦籽粒产量及构成要素，其中N₂处理表现最佳，其3年平均籽粒产量显著高于F₂₀₀、N₁和N₃处理，增幅分别为20.5%、13.5%和7.6%。与F₂₀₀和N₁处理相比，N₂和N₃处理成熟期植株氮素积累量显著提高，增幅3年平均为12.6%~20.8%；N₂处理籽粒氮素积累量较F₂₀₀、N₁和N₃处理显著提高，增幅3年平均分别为16.4%、15.0%和5.8%。与F₂₀₀相比，N₁处理氮肥用量较低，导致籽粒总蛋白含量、籽粒硬度、容重、出粉率和面团形成时间显著降低，而N₂和N₃处理由于氮肥后移量增加，显著提高了面团稳定时间、吸水率、湿面筋含量和沉降值。综上所述，N₂模式施氮量最少，且能达到增产优质的生产目的，是实现黄淮海平原小麦籽粒产量和加工品质协同提升的较优施氮模式。

英文摘要:

To clarify the regulatory effect of nitrogen(N) fertilizer reduction and postponing on the grain yield and quality of wheat in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, the N fertilizer experiment of wheat was established under four N application treatments: N fertilizer application 200 kg·hm^-2of traditional farmer treatment(F₂₀₀, basal fertilizer 130 kg·hm^-2+regreening fertilizer 70 kg·hm^-2), N fertilizer application mode 1(N₁, basal fertilizer 90 kg·hm^-2 + regreening fertilizer 90 kg·hm^-2), N fertilizer application mode 2(N₂, regreening fertilizer 60 kg·hm^-2 + heading fertilizer 80 kg·hm^-2) and N fertilizer application mode 3(N₃, basal fertilizer 40 kg·hm^-2 +regreening fertilizer 60 kg·hm^-2 + heading fertilizer 80 kg·hm^-2) from October 2020 to June 2023 at Jiyang Experimental station of the Shangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Jinan. The effects of the four N fertilizer treatments on grain yield and its components, N accumulation characteristics, grain protein and its components, and processing quality of wheat were tested. The results indicated that N fertilizer postponing was beneficial to increase grain yield and its components of wheat under the conditions of N reduction, and the best performance was under N₂ treatment; the average yield across the three years under N₂ was significantly increased by 20.5%,13.5% and 7.6%, respectively, compared with F₂₀₀, N₁ and N₃. Compared with F₂₀₀ and N₁ treatments, N₂ and N₃ treatments significantly increased the plant N accumulation by 12.6%-20.8%, while the grain N accumulation of N₂ treatment was significantly increased by 16.4 %, 15.0 % and 5.8 %, respectively, compared with F₂₀₀, N₁ and N₃ treatments. Compared with F₂₀₀, N₁ treatment significantly reduced grain protein content, grain rigidity, test weight, flour yield and dough development time due to the lower N fertilizer, but postponing increased amount of N fertilizer under N₂ and N₃ treatments significantly increased the dough stability time, water absorption, wet gluten and sedimentation value. Therefore, although N₂ mode had the least of N application, it can achieve the production purpose of increasing yield and quality by increasing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer postponing, which was a better nitrogen application model to achieve the synergistic improvement of wheat grain yield and processing quality in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.

查看全文查看/发表评论下载PDF阅读器

关闭