| In order to explore the effects of different planting patterns on the agronomic traits and yield of barley varieties, and to select excellent barley varieties for intercropping with potatoes, 64 Yunnan barley varieties were used to intercropped with one purple potato variety, with mono-cropped barley serving as the control group for comparisons. The variation, genetic diversity, and correlation of agronomic traits and yields in different planting patterns and row-typed barley, and the clustering and principal component analysis of 64 barley varieties were analyzed. Based on the principal component analysis, a comprehensive evaluation was conducted to select barley varieties with better performance in intercropping with potatoes. The results showed that the 64 barley varieties exhibited high genetic diversity in agronomic traits, with high variation coefficients in grain weight per plant, spike weight per plant, stalk weight per plant under two planting patterns; the traits such as plant height, stem diameter, and flag leaf length under intercropping showed high Shannon diversity indices(greater than 2.0). Under both monocropping and intercropping, the two-rowed barley had higher effective spike number, spike length, seed setting rate, spike density, and thousand-grain weight, compared to the multi-rowed barley; conversely, the multi-rowed barley exhibited greater internode length, stem diameter, flag leaf width, stalk weight per plant, spike weight per plant, and grain weight per plant than those of the two-rowed barley. Compared with mono-cropping, the effective spike number, internode length, stem diameter, seed setting rate, stalk weight per plant, spike weight per plant, grain weight per plant, thousand-grain weight, and yield of barley varieties under intercropping were decreased. However, the land equivalent ratio(LER) was greater than 1, indicating an advantage of the barley-potato intercropping system, and the intercropping between multi-rowed barley and potato was more advantageous than two-rowed barley and potato. Under both monocropping and intercropping, correlation analysis showed that barley yield was significantly related to spike weight per plant and grain weight per plant. Clustering analysis was used to classify 64 barley varieties under intercropping, which were divided into four types, including short-stem with moderate-yield, medium-stem with low-yield, tall-stem with low-yield, and short-stem with high-yield. Among these, the fourth category was considered as promising germplasm, which is suitable for intercropping with potatoes. Principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation identified five barley varieties with better comprehensive traits under intercropping: Aisi 82-1, MF 21-30, Yunke1, MF 20-16, and Yunsi 16, which can be considered as the most suitable barley varieties for intercropping with potatoes. |
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