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作者	单位
赵迎，王广恩，郭丽，李义红，董伟欣，张敏，张月辰	（1.河北省农林科学院农业资源环境研究所，河北石家庄 050051； 2.河北省农林科学院棉花研究所，河北石家庄 050051；3.河北农业大学农学院，河北保定 071001； 4.河北开放大学，河北石家庄 050080）

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中文摘要:

为了解秸秆还田下深松配施生物炭和羊粪对河北低平原内陆盐碱土壤改良效果及冬小麦耐盐性提升作用，通过田间试验，设置深松+秸秆还田（T1）、深松+生物炭15 t·hm^-2+秸秆还田（T2）、深松+羊粪15 t·hm^-2+秸秆还田（T3）、旋耕+秸秆不还田（T4）和旋耕+秸秆还田（T5）5个处理，分析了不同处理下土壤理化性状及小麦耐盐能力。结果表明，与T4、T5处理相比，T2处理0~20 cm土层的土壤容重和孔隙度分别显著下降和提高，其中土壤孔隙度增幅为11.51%~12.51%；T3处理的土壤硝态氮、速效磷、速效钾含量均显著上升；T1与T4、T5处理间差异不显著。与T4、T5处理相比,T3处理下小麦灌浆前、中、后期旗叶超氧阴离子自由基积累量显著降低，降幅为17.57%~28.30%；SOD、POD活性显著上升；NBT和DAB染色结果印证其活性氧积累减少效应最优；可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量显著提高，增幅分别为12.15%~25.51%和15.85%~31.81%；灌浆前、后期游离氨基酸含量显著提高，增幅为9.15%~22.81%；冬小麦地上部氮、磷、钾总累积量显著提高。T3处理的冬小麦产量较T1、T4和T5处理分别提高了6.91%、15.44%和10.13%，而T2、T3处理间无显著差异。结合生态效应和产能提升效果综合考虑，优选深松+羊粪+秸秆还田作为河北低平原内陆盐碱土壤扩容增碳及冬小麦产量提升的关键技术。

英文摘要:

To investigate the effects of deep tillage combined with biochar and sheep manure application under straw returning on the improvement of saline-alkali soil and the enhancement of salt tolerance in winter wheat in the inland plain of Hebei Province, a field experiment was conducted with five treatments: deep tillage + straw returning(T1), deep tillage + biochar 15 t·hm^-2 + straw returning(T2), deep tillage + sheep manure 15 t·hm^-2 + straw returning(T3), rotary tillage + no straw returning(T4), and rotary tillage + straw returning(T5). The soil physicochemical properties and wheat salt tolerance under different treatments were analyzed. The results showed that compared with T4 and T5 treatments, T2 treatment significantly reduced soil bulk density and increased soil porosity in the 0-20 cm soil layer, with an increase rate of 11.51%-12.51% for soil porosity. T3 treatment significantly increased the contents of soil nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium, while there were no significant differences between T1 and T4 or T5 treatments. Under the T3 treatment, the accumulation of superoxide anion radicals in flag leaves during the early, middle, and late grain-filling stages of wheat was significantly reduced by 17.57%-28.30% compared with T4 and T5 treatments, while the activities of SOD and POD were significantly increased. The NBT and DAB staining results confirmed the optimal reduction effect of reactive oxygen species accumulation. The contents of soluble protein and soluble sugar were significantly increased by 12.15%-25.51% and 15.85%-31.81%, respectively. The content of free amino acids was significantly increased during the early and late grain-filling stages by 9.15%-22.81%. T3 treatment significantly increased the total accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the aboveground parts of winter wheat compared with T4 and T5 treatments. The yield of winter wheat under the T3 treatment was increased by 6.91%, 15.44%, and 10.13% compared with T1, T4, and T5 treatments, respectively, while there was no significant difference between T2 and T3 treatments. Considering both ecological effects and productivity improvement, deep tillage + sheep manure + straw returning is recommended as a key technology for expanding soil capacity, increasing carbon sequestration, and improving winter wheat yield in the inland saline-alkali soil of the low plain in Hebei Province.

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