欢迎访问《麦类作物学报》编辑部网站

作者	单位
桑丽智，周捷，吴锁智，王绪峰，沈玉芳	（1.中国科学院水土保持与生态环境研究中心，陕西杨凌 712100； 2.中科院水利部水土保持研究所，陕西杨凌 712100；3.中国科学院大学，北京 100049； 4.西北农林科技大学资源与环境学院，陕西杨凌 712100）

摘要点击次数: 313

全文下载次数: 217

中文摘要:

为了解生物炭在旱地小麦栽培上的应用效果，基于2012年开始的田间定位试验，比较了0、10、30和50 t·hm^-2四个生物炭施用水平（分别用B0、B1、B2和B3表示，生物炭于2012年施入土壤，此后不再施用）下旱地冬小麦产量、水氮吸收利用及土壤养分的差异。结果表明，与不施用生物炭（B0）处理相比，B2和B3处理的冬小麦产量和成熟期干物质积累均显著增加，其中产量增幅分别为8.1%和14.6%，干物质增幅分别为16.3%和20.0%。高量施用生物炭（B2、B3）促进了冬小麦地上部及各器官的花后氮素积累，其中茎、叶、籽粒的氮素积累量分别增加了11.3%~18.2%、4.9%~16.5%和4.2%~10.9%。施用生物炭显著降低了表观氮损失（降幅34.5%~38.5%），提高了氮肥以及水分利用效率，其中B3处理的氮肥利用效率和水分利用效率均最高，分别为12.3 kg·kg^-1和9.1 kg·hm^-2·mm^-1。同时，施用生物炭显著提高了土壤有机质、铵态氮、全氮、速效磷等土壤养分含量。本试验条件下，30和50 t·hm^-2施用生物炭能够有效促进旱地冬小麦干物质积累，氮素吸收利用，提高产量及氮肥和水分利用效率，增加土壤养分含量，有利于旱地小麦高产高效。

英文摘要:

To elucidate the application effects of biochar in the cultivation of dryland wheat, a field experiment initiated in 2012 was conducted to compare the yield, water and nitrogen utilization, and soil nutrient differences of dryland winter wheat under the four biochar application levels of 0, 10, 30, and 50 t·hm^-2(designated as B0, B1, B2, and B3, respectively, with biochar applied in 2012 and no further application thereafter). The results indicated that, compared to the control without biochar application(B0), B2 and B3 treatments showed a significant increase in the yield and dry matter accumulation at maturity of winter wheat, with yield increase rate of 4.9% and 11.3%, and dry matter increase rate of 16.3% and 20.0%, respectively. The application of high amounts of biochar(B2 and B3) promoted the accumulation of nitrogen after flowering in winter wheat, by significantly enhancing the accumulation of nitrogen in the aerial parts and various organs, with increase rates in nitrogen accumulation in the stem, leaf, and grain by 11.3% to 18.2%, 4.9% to 16.5%, and 4.2% to 10.9%, respectively. The addition of biochar significantly reduced the apparent nitrogen loss(by 34.5% to 38.5%) and improved the nitrogen and water use efficiency, with the highest nitrogen use efficiency and water use efficiency observed in the B3 treatment, at 12.3 kg·kg^-1 and 9.1 t·hm^-2·mm^-1, respectively. Additionally, the application of biochar significantly increased the content of soil organic matter, ammonium nitrogen, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus. Under the conditions of this experiment, the application of biochar at 30 and 50 t·hm^-2 effectively promoted the dry matter accumulation, nitrogen absorption and utilization, increased yield and nitrogen and water use efficiency, as well as increased in soil nutrient content, which is beneficial for high yield and efficiency in dryland wheat cultivation.

查看全文查看/发表评论下载PDF阅读器

关闭