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徐昊，周吉鑫，唐滢柯，李春燕，丁锦峰，朱敏，郭文善，朱新开.有机肥与缓释肥配施对小麦产量及土壤碳储量和温室气体排放的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2025,(5):662

有机肥与缓释肥配施对小麦产量及土壤碳储量和温室气体排放的影响

Effects of Partial Replacement of Slow Release Fertilizer with Organic Fertilizer on Wheat Yield, Soil Carbon Storage, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions

DOI：

中文关键词: 小麦有机肥与缓释肥配施比例土壤养分籽粒产量 CO₂、N₂O排放增温潜势

英文关键词:Wheat Ratio of organic fertilizer and slow-release fertilizer Soil nutrients Grain yield CO₂ and N₂O emission Warming potential

基金项目:江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项（BE2022312）；江苏省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项（JATS\[2023\]459）；江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目；扬州市名师工作室资助项目

作者	单位
徐昊，周吉鑫，唐滢柯，李春燕，丁锦峰，朱敏，郭文善，朱新开	（1.江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/扬州大学小麦研究中心，江苏扬州 225009； 2.江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心，江苏扬州 225009； 3.教育部农业与农产品安全国际合作联合实验室，江苏扬州 225009）

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中文摘要:

为探寻最佳有机肥替代缓释肥比例，依照等施氮量原则，以扬麦34为供试材料，设置有机肥+缓释肥全部基施（M1）和有机肥基施+缓释肥基施60%+返青期追施40%（M2）两种施肥模式，以及4种配施类型\[40%有机肥+60%缓释肥（4/6MN）、30%有机肥+70%缓释肥（3/7MN）、20%有机肥+80%缓释肥（2/8MN）、100%缓释肥（0/10N）\]，同时设置5∶1∶2∶2（基肥∶壮蘖肥∶拔节肥∶孕穗肥）施用常规尿素处理（CK）和有机肥100%基施处理（10/0M）处理，分析相同施氮水平下有机肥与缓释肥不同配施比例及氮肥运筹模式对小麦产量、土壤生化性质及温室气体排放强度的影响。结果表明，在不同施肥模式下小麦产量表现为M2＞CK＞M1＞10/0M，以M2模式的3/7MN处理增产效果最好。在相同施肥模式下，随有机肥配施比例的提高，土壤有机质、总碳含量呈先增后减趋势，土壤全氮、硝态氮和铵态氮含量呈先减后增趋势，其中M2模式下3/7MN处理对土壤养分含量的提高效果显著。缓释肥二次施用条件下3/7MN处理的土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶活性、微生物碳氮含量均最高，2/8MN处理的土壤过氧化氢酶活性最高。不同施肥模式下土壤CO₂累积排放量表现为10/0M＞M1＞M2＞CK，N₂O累积排放量表现为M1＞CK＞10/0M＞M2。与CK相比，缓释肥二次施用能有效降低全球增温潜势，降幅为4.22%。小麦收获后土壤有机碳储量较播前增加9.88%~30.17%，其中缓释肥分施处理较缓释肥一次性基施处理对土壤固碳的影响更为显著。因此，在缓释肥二次施用模式基础上配施20%~30%有机肥，可提升土壤生化性能，促进土壤碳库存，减少温室气体排放，提高小麦籽粒产量。

英文摘要:

In order to explore the effects of the proportion of organic fertilizer replacing slow-release fertilizer on wheat yield, soil fertility, and greenhouse gas emissions, two fertilization modes of organic slow-release fertilizer(M1) and organic fertilizer(60%)+slow-release fertilizer(40% for dop-dressing)(M2) in green period were set up with Yangmai 34 as the test material according to the principle of equal nitrogen application amount. Four types of combined application were conducted: 40% organic fertilizer+60% slow-release fertilizer(4/6MN), 30% organic fertilizer+70% slow-release fertilizer(3/7MN), 20% organic fertilizer+80% slow-release fertilizer(2/8MN), and 100% slow-release fertilizer(0/10N). The effects of urea(CK) and 100% organic fertilizer(10/0M) on wheat yield, soil biochemical properties, and greenhouse gas emission intensity under the same nitrogen application level were studied in the fertilization mode 5∶1∶2∶2(base fertilizer∶tillering fertilizer∶jointing fertilizer∶gestation fertilizer). The results showed that under different nitrogen management methods, wheat yield ranked as M2>CK>M1>10/0M, where the 3/7MN treatment in M2 mode had the best yield increase effect. Under the same fertilization mode, with the increase of the proportion of organic fertilizer application, the soil organic matter and total carbon content showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, while the total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen content showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. Among them, the 3/7MN treatment under M2 mode had a significant effect on improving soil nutrients. Under the conditions of secondary application of slow-release fertilizer, the soil sucrase, urease activity, and microbial carbon and nitrogen content were highest under the 3/7MN treatment, while the soil catalase activity was highest under the 2/8MN treatment. The cumulative emissions of soil CO₂ under different nitrogen management methods ranked as 10/0M>M1>M2>CK, and the cumulative emissions of N₂O ranked as M1>CK>10/0M>M2. Compared with CK, the secondary application of slow-release fertilizer can effectively reduce the global warming potential by 4.22%. After wheat harvest, soil organic carbon storage was increased by 9.88% to 30.17%. Compared to M1, the slow-release fertilizer application treatment showed a more significant effect on soil carbon sequestration than the slow-release fertilizer one-time base application treatment. Therefore, combining the application mode of slow-release fertilizer with 20% to 30% organic fertilizer can improve soil biochemical performance, promote soil carbon storage, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and increase wheat grain yield.

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