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作者	单位
凤晓岗，马飞，王浩，卓大龙，杨兵，宋贺，王德好，车钊	(1.安徽农业大学农学院，安徽合肥 230036； 2.安徽省白湖种子有限公司，安徽合肥 231508)

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中文摘要:

为探究不同类型控释尿素运筹对小麦氮代谢及产量的影响，以释放期60 d控释尿素（SCU）、释放期150 d控释尿素（LCU）和普通尿素（U）为氮肥，设置不施氮肥（N₀）、常规施用U（基肥∶分蘖肥∶拔节肥=4∶3∶3，CK）、40% U基肥+30%SCU基肥+30% U拔节肥（F₁）、40% U基肥+40%SCU基肥+20% U拔节肥（F₂）、40% U+30%SCU+30% LCU均基施（Y₁）、40% U+40%SCU+20% LCU均基施（Y₂）共6个处理，除N₀外，其他处理总施氮量一致，研究不同类型尿素运筹对土壤无机氮含量、小麦旗叶和籽粒硝酸还原酶（NR）、谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）、谷草转氨酶（GOT）和谷丙转氨酶（GPT）活性、游离氨基酸和可溶性蛋白含量、小麦氮素积累量、产量和氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明，与CK相比，灌浆期F₂处理的土壤硝态氮和铵态氮含量分别提高了10.67%和4.69%；旗叶和籽粒NR、GS、GOT、GPT活性均显著提高（P<0.05），增幅3.46%~16.55%；游离氨基酸和可溶性蛋白含量提高了9.95%~25.03%。F₂处理产量较CK显著提高，增幅4.81%。Y₁、Y₂处理较CK显著减产，产量降幅分别为7.59%和4.79%。从产量构成来看，控释肥施用处理显著降低有效穗数；F₂处理通过增加千粒重提高了产量；F₁和F₂处理显著提高了氮肥利用率，其中F₂处理氮肥利用率较CK提高了10.23个百分点。综合考虑小麦氮代谢水平、产量和氮肥利用率，40% 普通尿素和40%释放期60 d控释尿素基施+拔节期追施20% 的普通尿素可作为江淮地区稻茬小麦增产增效的最佳施肥方式。

英文摘要:

In order to investigate the effects of different control released urea on nitrogen metabolism and yield of wheat, 60 days of control released urea(SCU) and 150 days of control released urea(LCU) and normal urea(U) were used as nitrogen fertilizers. Six treatments were set up: no nitrogen fertilizer (N₀), regular fertilization(basal∶tiller∶jointing fertilizer=4∶3∶3, CK), 40% U basal fertilizer+30% SCU basal fertilizer+30% U jointing fertilizer(F₁), 40% U basal fertilizer+40% SCU basal fertilizer+20% U jointing fertilizer(F₂), 40%U+30% SCU+30% LCU as basal fertilizer(Y₁), 40% U+40% SCU+20% LCU as basal fertilizer(Y₂). Nitrogen application was consistent for all treatments except for N₀. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of different types of urea combined application on soil inorganic nitrogen content, as well as on the activities of wheat flag leaf and grain nitrate reductase(NR), glutamine synthetase(GS), glutamine aminotransferase(GOT), and glutamine transaminase(GPT), free amino acids, soluble protein content, wheat nitrogen accumulation, yield, and nitrogen use efficiency. The results showed that compared with CK, the soil NO₃^--N and NH₄⁺-N contents during the filling period of F₂ treatment were increased by 10.67% and 4.69%, respectively; flag leaf and grain NR, GS, GOT, and GPT activities were significantly increased by 3.46%-16.55%, and free amino acid and soluble protein contents were increased by 9.95%-25.03%. The yield of the F₂ treatment was found to be significantly higher than that of CK(P＜0.05), with an increase rate of 4.81%. In contrast, the Y₁ and Y₂ treatments were observed to have a significant negative impact on yield, with reduction rates of 7.59% and 4.79%, respectively, compared to CK. From the perspective of yield components, the control released fertilizer treatment resulted in a significant reduction in the number of effective spikes. The F₂ treatment led to an improvement in yield, with an increase in thousand-grain weight. Furthermore, the F₁ and F₂ treatments demonstrated a notable enhancement in nitrogen use efficiency, with the F₂ treatment exhibiting a 10.23 percentage point increase compared to CK. Under the conditions of this experiment, the best fertilization method to increase the yield and nitrogen use efficiency of wheat following rice stubble in the Jianghuai region is to apply 40% of normal urea and 40% of control released urea basally for 60 days during the release period, and 20% of normal urea retrospectively during the nodulation period, considering the level of N metabolism and nitrogen use efficiency of wheat.

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