| 贺大海，梁振宇，陈佳博，祝婷婷，李俊积，马宏亮，杨洪坤，黄秀兰，樊高琼，郑 亭.不同轮作模式下氮肥运筹对成都平原冬小麦生长特性及产量的效应[J].麦类作物学报,2025,(5):630 |
| 不同轮作模式下氮肥运筹对成都平原冬小麦生长特性及产量的效应 |
| Regulation of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Growth Characteristics and Yield of Winter Wheat under Different Rotation Patterns in Chengdu Plain |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 氮肥运筹 轮作模式 渍害 群体质量 产量 |
| 英文关键词:Nitrogen fertilizer management Rotation mode Waterlogging stress Population quality Yield |
| 基金项目:四川省十四五重点研发项目(2021YFYZ0002) |
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| 摘要点击次数: 339 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究适宜成都平原地区小麦-水稻轮作（稻茬）和小麦-大豆轮作（旱地）下小麦适宜的氮肥运筹模式，以蜀麦1963为材料，大田设置150（N1）、200 kg·hm-2（N2）共2个施氮量，设置底肥∶苗肥∶拔节肥为10∶0∶0(R1)、6∶4∶0(R2)、6∶0∶4(R3)、6∶2∶2(R4)共4个氮肥基追比，以不施氮肥为对照（CK），分析不同氮肥运筹模式对稻茬麦和旱地麦苗期的群体质量、干物质积累与转运及产量的影响。结果表明，与旱地麦相比，稻茬麦苗期和拔节期的株高、顶部叶片叶绿素含量、叶面积指数、有效穗数（11.6%~37.2%）和产量（14.4%~45.5%）均显著降低。相较于N1，N2提高了两种轮作模式下小麦苗期和拔节期顶部叶片叶绿素含量、叶面积指数、各生育阶段干物质积累量及产量，且稻茬麦比旱地麦提升幅度更大；N2条件下稻茬麦产量显著提高(7.8%)，旱地麦产量提高2.5%。R2和R4较R3和R1显著提高了稻茬麦产量， R3和R4较R2、R1显著提高旱地麦产量。相同施氮量下，R2和R4可缩小稻茬麦和旱地麦因渍水导致的拔节期群体质量差距。稻茬条件下，R2显著提高了小麦花前干物质转运量、转运率及其对籽粒贡献率；旱地条件下，R3和R4显著提高小麦花后干物质积累量。综合来看，成都平原地区稻茬麦适合在200 kg·hm-2施氮量下采用底肥∶苗肥=6∶4和底肥∶苗期∶拔节期=6∶2∶2的氮肥运筹模式，而旱地麦则更适合在150 kg·hm-2施氮量下采用底肥∶拔节肥=6∶4和底肥∶苗期∶拔节期=6∶2∶2的氮肥运筹模式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to explore the suitable nitrogen fertilizer management mode for wheat under wheat-rice rotation mode(rice stubble ) and wheat-soybean rotation mode(dry land ) in Chengdu Plain, Shumai 1963 was used as the material. Two nitrogen fertilizer application rates of 150(N1) and 200 kg·hm-2 (N2) were set up in the field, and four nitrogen application ratios were conducted∶seedling fertilizer∶jointing fertilizer=10∶0∶0(R1), 6∶4∶0(R2), 6∶0∶4(R3), 6∶2∶2(R4), with no nitrogen fertilizer as the control(CK). The effects of different nitrogen fertilizer management modes on population quality, dry matter accumulation and translocation, and wheat yield in rice stubble and dryland wheat at the seedling stage were analyzed. The results showed that the waterlogging of wheat after rice was serious 30 days after sowing. Compared with dryland wheat, the plant height, chlorophyll content, and leaf area index of top leaves of rice-stubble wheat at the seedling stage and jointing stage were significantly reduced, the number of effective panicles was significantly reduced by 11.6%-37.2%, and the yield was significantly reduced by 14.4%-45.5%. Compared with N1, N2 increased the chlorophyll content and leaf area index of top leaves, dry matter accumulation, and yield at the seedling stage and jointing stage of wheat under two rotation modes, and the increase of wheat after rice was greater than that of wheat in dry land. Under N2, the yield of rice-stubble wheat was significantly increased by 7.8%, and the yield of wheat in dry land was increased by 2.5%. Topdressing at the seedling stage(R2) and split topdressing at the seedling + jointing stage(R4) significantly increased the yield of wheat after rice compared with R3 and R1. Topdressing at the jointing stage(R3) and split topdressing at seedling + jointing stage significantly increased the yield of dryland wheat compared with R2 and R1. Under the same nitrogen application rate, topdressing at the seedling stage(R2) and topdressing at the seedling + jointing stage(R4) significantly reduced the yield of rice-stubble wheat and dryland wheat at jointing stage. Under the conditions of rice stubble, topdressing at the seedling stage(R2) significantly increased the dry matter translocation amount, translocation rate, and contribution rate to grain before anthesis. Under dryland conditions, topdressing at the jointing stage(R3) and the seedling + jointing stage(R4) significantly increased dry matter accumulation after anthesis. On the whole, the nitrogen application modes of base fertilizer∶seedling fertilizer=6∶4 and base fertilizer∶seedling stage∶jointing stage=6∶2∶2 are suitable for rice-stubble wheat in Chengdu Plain under 200 kg·hm-2 nitrogen application rate, while the nitrogen application mode of base fertilizer∶jointing fertilizer=6∶4 and base fertilizer: seedling stage∶jointing stage=6∶2∶2 are more suitable for dryland wheat under 150 kg·hm-2 nitrogen application rate. |
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