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作者	单位
李静雯，白斌，厚毅清，张礼军，何瑞，郭莹，杜晓霖	（1.甘肃省农业科学院生物技术研究所，甘肃兰州 730070； 2.甘肃省农业科学院小麦研究所，甘肃兰州 730070）

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中文摘要:

气孔调节在缓解干旱等非生物胁迫中具有至关重要的作用。为明确半干旱雨养农业区小麦旗叶气孔生理生态响应，发掘小麦抗旱耐逆品种快速筛选指标,探讨气孔相关性状改良方向。以101份甘肃半干旱雨养农业区冬小麦品种及3份黄淮麦区主栽品种为材料，测定两个种植季小麦灌浆期旗叶气孔分布频率和形态指标及光合生理参数和农艺性状指标。利用主成分分析和隶属函数法获取气孔性状综合度量值(D)对供试冬小麦气孔特征进行综合分析。结果表明，冬小麦气孔指数与气孔密度、气孔宽呈显著正相关，气孔密度与气孔长呈显著负相关。基因型和环境显著影响灌浆期气孔、光合生理和农艺性状，而且基因型与环境的互作显著影响冬小麦生长发育。通过主成分分析将6个气孔单项评价指标转化为3个相互独立的综合指标，其包含原有6个气孔指标84.49%的数据信息。第一主成分解释总变异信息的37.64%，其中气孔宽载荷绝对值最大; 第二主成分包含原始信息的26.08%，主要反映的是气孔密度; 第三主成分中包含原始信息的20.77%，起主要作用的是气孔长。依据气孔性状综合度量值将供试冬小麦品种分为3类，筛选出兰天131、兰天28号、兰天18号、晋麦47等16个适应性强的冬小麦品种。气孔小而扁、气孔密度较高的旱地冬小麦叶片水分利用率较高，在水资源紧张地区具有可持续的产量潜力。综上，气孔宽、气孔密度和气孔长可作为冬小麦灌浆期抗旱耐逆性分析首选指标。通过气孔性状综合度量值可对半干旱雨养农业区旱地冬小麦品种进行有效可靠的筛选。

英文摘要:

Stomatal regulation plays a pivotal role in mitigating the impacts of abiotic stressors such as drought. It is necessary to clarify the physiological and ecological response of stomata of flag leaves to drought stress in wheat under semiarid rainfed region, which is helpful to provide guidance for dissecting traits for rapid screening indicators of drought and stress resistance varieties and exploring the improvement directions of stomatal related traits. Field experiments were conducted in two cropping seasons with 101 winter wheat genotypes under rainfed agriculture in Gansu and 3 main cultivars in Huanghuai wheat area as materials. Some indices were measured, which included stomatal distribution frequency and morphological indices, photosynthetic physiological parameters and agronomic traits of flag leaves at the mid filling stage. The index D of stomatal character was obtained by principal component analysis and membership function method to comprehensively analyze winter wheat. The results showed that stomatal index was positively correlated with stomatal density and stomatal width, while stomatal density was negatively correlated with stomatal length. Genotype and rainfed region environment significantly affected stomatal, photosynthetic physiological, and agronomic traits．Also, the interaction between genotype and environment significantly affected the growth and development of winter wheat. Using principal component analysis, six single drought tolerance evaluation indices were transformed into three independent comprehensive indices, which reflected 84.49% of the original drought tolerance index information. The first principal component explained 37.64% of the total variation information, in which the absolute values of the load coefficients from stomatal width was the largest. The second principal component contained 26.08% of the raw information, which mainly reflected stomatal density. The third principal component played a major role in the stomatal length index, which contained 20.77% of the original information. According to the D value, the drought tolerance of the winter wheat was divided into three categories. Sixteen winter wheat varieties with strong adaptability were selected, including Lantian 131, Lantian 28, Lantian 18, and Jinmai 47, etc. The winter wheat in dryland with small, flat stomata, and high stomata density has higher leaf water use efficiency, which has sustainable yield potential in water deficient region. In summary, stomatal width, density and length can be used as the preferred indices for drought and stress resistance screening during filling stage of winter wheat. The comprehensive index D value of stomatal traits can effectively and reliably analyze the drought tolerance of winter wheat during grain filling period.

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