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作者	单位
李佳琪，王彩叶，奚柳芸，夏富丽，张嘉乐，李春莲，谢飞舟，尹祥杰，祁伟亮，朱艳天，袁凤平，康振生，韩德俊，曾庆东	（1.西北农林科技大学植物保护学院/作物抗逆与高效生产全国重点实验室，陕西杨凌 712100； 2.西北农林科技大学农学院，陕西杨凌 712100； 3.陕西省植物保护工作总站，陕西西安 710003； 4.山西省植物保护植物检疫中心，山西太原 030001； 5.陇东学院，甘肃庆阳 74500）

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中文摘要:

为了解陕西和山西两省小麦茎基腐病害的病原菌种类组成及其致病力的差异，于2023年春季在这两个省份的35个采样点采集了663份具有茎基腐病症状的病株，对每个采样点随机选择的5株样品进行病菌分离，并开展了形态学及ITS和真菌毒素trichothecene biosynthetic 1（Tri1）序列的分子鉴定，同时随机选取32份假禾谷镰孢菌进行小麦苗期致病力鉴定。结果表明，从175份培养物分离得到138株菌系，菌系的形态学及序列特征分析鉴定得到85株镰孢菌系，其中假禾谷镰孢菌Fusarium pseudograminearum 72株（占比84.71%），三线镰孢菌F. tricinctum 7株（占比8.24%），禾谷镰孢菌F. graminearum 3株（占比3.53%），燕麦镰孢菌F. avenaceum 2株（占比2.35%），拟轮枝镰孢菌F. verticillioides 1株（占比1.18%）。不同菌系之间致病力存在显著差异。此外，利用本研究开发的Tri1基因特异性标记能够有效地区分假禾谷镰孢菌和禾谷镰孢菌。由此可见，陕西和山西两省小麦茎基腐病优势病原菌均为假禾谷镰孢菌，不同样本分离得到的假禾谷镰孢菌菌株对小麦幼苗的致病力存在显著差异。

英文摘要:

In order to study the species composition and differences in pathogenicity of Fusarium crown rot of wheat pathogens in Shaanxi and Shanxi Provinces, 663 strains displaying crown rot symptoms were systematically collected from 35 sampling sites in Shaanxi and Shanxi provinces in the spring of 2023. Subsequently, five strains were randomly selected from each sampling site for pathogen isolation, and morphological observation and the molecular identification of ITS and trichothecene biosynthetic 1(Tri1) sequences were carried out. 138 strains were isolated from 175 cultures, and 85 strains of Fusarium spp. were identified by morphological and sequence analysis: including 72 strains of Fusarium pseudograminearum (84.71%), 7 strains of F. tricinctum(8.24%), 3 strains of F. graminearum(3.53%), 2 strains of F. avenaceum(2.35%), and 1 strain of F. verticillioidis(1.18%). The results showed that F. pseudograminearum was identified as the dominant pathogen causing Fusarium crown rot of wheat in Shaanxi and Shanxi Provinces. Furthermore, 32 strains of F. pseudograminearum were randomly selected to identify the pathogenicity of wheat seedlings. It was found that there were significant differences in pathogenicity among different strains. In addition, the Tri1 gene specific marker was developed in this study. Although the polymorphism of Tri1 did not directly correspond to the difference in pathogenicity, the marker effectively distinguished between F. pseudograminearum and F. graminearum. In summary, this study confirmed that the dominant strain of Fusarium crown rot of wheat in Shaanxi and Shanxi Provinces were F. pseudograminearum, and the isolates of F. pseudograminearum from different samples had significant differences in pathogenicity at seedling stage of wheat.

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