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为提高小麦赤霉病预测预报精准度，在江苏宜兴市、句容市、姜堰区等6个地区试验田开展抽穗扬花期间田间孢子捕捉及鉴定，调查不同田块赤霉病病情指数（disease index, DI），测定收获的小麦籽粒中镰刀菌毒素污染水平，分析孢子组成对小麦赤霉病发生及其镰刀菌毒素污染程度的影响。结果表明，2020年6个地区试验田共捕捉镰刀菌孢子650株，其中禾谷镰刀菌复合种（Fusarium graminearum species complex, FGSC）占总孢子数的35.5%。淮南地区（宜兴市、句容市、姜堰区、盐都区）捕捉到的FGSC占当地捕捉总孢子数量的比例均在35%以上，但淮北地区（宿豫区、铜山区）均在27%以下，淮南地区试验田小麦赤霉病DI及镰刀菌毒素含量均显著高于淮北地区（P<0.05）。6个地区DI与镰刀菌毒素含量均与FGSC孢子数呈极显著正相关（P<0.01），但与当地总孢子数量没有相关性。采用子囊孢子飞散数量法预测赤霉病时，应对捕捉孢子中FGSC数量予以明确。

英文摘要:

To improve the prediction accuracy of Fusarium head blight(FHB), Fusarium spores were collected and identified in the experimental fields in Yixing, Jurong, Jiangyan, Yandu, Suyu, and Tongshan in Jiangsu Province during the heading and flowering period of wheat. Disease index(DI) was investigated and Fusarium mycotoxins in harvested seeds were tested in various fields. The effect of composition of Fusarium spores on FHB and associated mycotoxins in wheat was assessed. The results showed that among the 650 Fusarium spores collected from the six regions in 2020, the ratio of Fusarium graminearum species complex(FGSC) to all the collected spores was 35.5%. In addition, the ratio of FGSC to all the collected spores in the south of the Huai River was more than 35%, followed by that in the north of Huai River(less than 27%). Moreover, DI and the content of Fusairum mycotoxins in the harvested seeds in the south of Huai River were significantly higher than that in the north of Huai River(P<0.05). Among these fields, DI and the content of Fusarium mycotoxins were significantly positively correlated with the number of FGSC(P<0.01), yet they had no correlation with the number of total spores. The composition of FGSC spores are suggested to be confirmed when the spore dispersal model was used to predict the prevalent of FHB of wheat.

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