| Colored wheat, rich in anthocyanins, proteins, vitamins, folic acid, selenium, zinc, iron, and other nutritional components, exhibits therapeutic nutritional functions such as antioxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, blood sugar regulation, immune enhancement, anti-aging, and prevention of cardiovascular diseases. It serves as a valuable genetic resource for functional nutrition in wheat. Common types of the colored wheat include purple and blue grains, with the purple grain pigment gene predominantly expressed in the seed coat, following a maternal inheritance pattern. In contrast, the blue grain pigment gene is mainly expressed in the aleurone layer, exhibiting a pollen-sensitive inheritance pattern. To deeply understand the genetics and molecular mechanisms of colored wheat and to keep abreast of the latest research advancements, this article comprehensively reviewed and summarized the genetic characteristics of pigment accumulation in colored wheat, chromosomal localization, genetic mapping, molecular cloning, and mechanistic studies, and discussed relevant issues in the genetic improvement of colored wheat. |
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