| 汪尊杰，胡文静，高德荣，赵仁慧，张笑晴，徐 瑶，王 玲，陈甜甜，李东升，李 韬，吴宏亚.长江中下游小麦新品系赤霉病和白粉病抗性评估与抗病基因检测[J].麦类作物学报,2025,(2):175 |
| 长江中下游小麦新品系赤霉病和白粉病抗性评估与抗病基因检测 |
| Evaluation of Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight and Powdery Mildew and Analysis of Disease Resistance Genes of the Advanced Wheat Lines in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 小麦 赤霉病 白粉病 抗病基因 品系 |
| 英文关键词:Triticum aestivum L. Fusarium head blight Powdery mildew Resistance gene Advanced lines |
| 基金项目:江苏省现代农业重点研发项目（BE2021335）；江苏省“333”重点行业领域资助项目 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 了解长江中下游麦区小麦的抗病育种现状，并鉴定筛选优异抗病品系，对近6年长江中下游麦区参加国家区域试验和江苏省区域试验的414个品系进行抗病鉴定，同时利用抗赤霉病基因Fhb1和抗白粉病基因Pm21/PmV的分子标记进行基因型分析。结果表明，在供试品系中，赤霉病抗性为抗（R）和中抗（MR）的品系分别占比10.1%和62.3%，其中扬15 9、扬17021、宁20419连续两年鉴定结果均为R。经系谱分析，抗病品系的亲本多为宁麦9号和扬麦158及其衍生品种。在供试品系中，白粉病抗性为免疫（IM）、高抗（HR）和MR的品系分别占比23.4%、1.9%和8.5%，其中扬15 9、瑞华麦505、盐麦0916、宁红1761、盐H1902、东麦1901连续三年鉴定结果均为IM。有15个品系的赤霉病和白粉病抗性同时为R或IM，可在小麦育种中作为后备亲本使用。经抗病基因分子标记鉴定，携有抗赤霉病基因Fhb1的品系有63个，其中88.0%品系的赤霉病抗性达到MR以上；赤霉病抗性为R的品系中仅35.7%被检测出携有Fhb1基因，赤霉病抗性为MR的品系中仅14.9%被检测出携有Fhb1基因； 143个品系携有Pm21/PmV基因，占供试材料的34.5%，其中有73个品系抗性鉴定结果为IM至HR。97个品系免疫白粉病，其中70.10%携有Pm21/PmV基因，其他品系的抗白粉病基因有待挖掘；10个品系同时携有Fhb1和Pm21/PmV基因，对两种病害的抗性均在MR以上，可直接作为抗源利用。长江中下游小麦抗病育种中，Pm21/PmV基因可继续使用, 将Fhb1基因与扬麦品种的赤霉病抗性基因相结合可进一步提高品系对赤霉病的抗性。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To understand the current situation of disease resistance breeding in wheat in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, and to identify and screen excellent disease resistant strains, in this study, the resistance of 414 advanced wheat lines from the national regional trial in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the regional trial in Jiangsu Province in the past six years was identified, and the molecular markers of Fhb1 and Pm21/PmV genes were used for genotyping. The results of resistance showed that: 42 advanced wheat lines were resistant to Fusarium head blight (FHB)） (R), 262 advanced lines were moderate resistant (MR), accounting for 10.1% and 62.3%, respectively, among which Yang 15 9, Yang 17021, and Ning 20419 were resistant to FHB for two consecutive years. Most FHB resistance culticars/lines were derived from Ningmai 9, Yangmai 158, and their derivative varieties through analysis of pedigree. A total of 97 advanced lines were immune (IM) to powdery mildew; 8 advanced lines were high resistant (HR) and 35 strains were moderate resistant (MR), accounting for 23.4%, 1.9%, and 8.5%, respectively. Among them, Yang 15 9, Ruihumai 505, Yanmai 0916, Ninghong 1761, Yan H1902 and Dongmai 1901 were immune (IM) to powdery mildew for three consecutive years. A total of 15 advanced lines with simultaneous resistance (R) or immunity (IM) to FHB and powdery mildew can be used as resistant parents in wheat breeding. The results of detection of resistance gene combining with resistance phenotypy showed that: 63 advanced lines carried Fhb1 gene, accounting for 15.1% of the tested materials, and 88.0% of the advanced lines had resistance above MR. Fhb1 gene was detected in only 35.7% of advanced lines with resistance to FHB (R). Only 14.9% of the advanced lines with moderate resistance to FHB were detected to carry Fhb1 gene. 143 advanced lines carried Pm21/PmV genes, accounting for 34.5% of the tested materials, of which 73 advanced lines were identified as immune (IM) to high resistance (HR) to powdery mildew. 70.1% of the 97 advanced lines that were immune to powdery mildew carried Pm21/PmV genes, and 29.9% of the other advanced lines were resistant to powdery mildew with the unknown genes to be discovered. 10 advanced lines carried both Fhb1 and Pm21/PmV genes, and the resistance to both diseases was above MR, which can be directly used as resistance sources. This study suggested that Pm21/PmV genes can be continuously used in wheat disease resistance breeding in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Combining Fhb1 gene with FHB resistance gene of Yangmai variety can improve the FHB resistance. |
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