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AP2转录因子在植物信号转导、生长发育和胁迫响应方面发挥着重要作用。为探索AP2转录因子在野生二粒小麦中的分子特征，基于野生二粒小麦基因组信息，采用Blast和Hmmer进行AP2家族成员鉴定，对鉴定到的成员进行蛋白质理化性质、亚细胞定位、系统进化树、保守结构域、基因扩增、顺式作用元件、密码子偏好性、表达模式和遗传多样性分析。结果表明，在野生二粒小麦中共鉴定到265个AP2基因，主要定位在细胞核和叶绿体中。根据系统进化树将其分为3个亚族，各亚族之间的保守结构域和基因结构存在保守性与多样性。AP2含有多个与生长发育和非生物胁迫相关的顺式作用元件。AP2基因的密码子偏好性可能受到压力选择作用。从AP2基因的表达模式看，该家族成员可能发生了亚功能化，且对盐胁迫响应有重要作用。通过对不同小麦群体中核酸多样性和分化指数分析，AP2基因部分成员在野生二粒小麦中具有较高的遗传多样性。

英文摘要:

AP2 transcription factors are a large class of transcription factors that play important roles in plant signaling, growth and development, and stress responses. To explore the molecular characteristics of AP2 transcription factors in wild emmer wheat, based on the genomic information of wild emmer wheat, AP2 gene family members were identified using Blast and Hmmer. The identified members were analyzed for protein physicochemical properties, subcellular localization, phylogenetic tree, conserved domains, gene expansion, cis-acting elements, codon usage bias, expression patterns, and genetic diversity. The results showed that a total of 265 AP2 genes were identified in wild emmer wheat, mainly located in the nucleus and chloroplasts. According to phylogenetic analysis, they were grouped into 3 subfamilies, showing both conservation and diversity in conserved domains and gene structures between subfamilies. Predictions of cis-acting elements indicated that AP2 contains multiple elements related to growth, development and abiotic stress. Analysis of codon usage bias revealed that the codon bias of AP2 genes may be subject to selective pressure. The expression pattern analysis of AP2 genes in tissues and under salt stress suggested subfunctionalization within the family and their important role in salt stress response. Analysis of nucleotide diversity and population differentiation indices in different wheat populations indicated that some members of the AP2 gene family exhibit high genetic diversity in wild emmer wheat.

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