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作者	单位
张乾惠，霍一帆，董梦琪，李府阳，王晓云，李亮，蔡焕杰	（1.西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院，陕西杨凌 712100； 2.西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院，陕西杨凌 712100； 3.大禹设计咨询集团有限公司，北京 100070）

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中文摘要:

为探究不同程度、频率干旱锻炼对冬小麦生理指标、产量和水分利用效率的影响，筛选出合理的干旱锻炼模式，以小偃22为试验材料，选择2种干旱胁迫水平（轻度干旱胁迫：50%~60%FC；中度干旱胁迫：40%~50%FC。FC为田间持水量）和2种干旱锻炼模式（单次干旱锻炼和反复干旱锻炼），以全生育期充分供水（CK，70%~80%FC）为对照（CK），设置仅在抽穗期轻度干旱胁迫（ND-1）、抽穗期中度干旱胁迫（ND-2）、分蘖期轻度干旱胁迫+抽穗期轻度干旱胁迫（D-1）、分蘖期中度干旱胁迫+抽穗期中度干旱胁迫（D-2）、分蘖期轻度干旱胁迫及反复锻炼+抽穗期轻度干旱胁迫（DRD-1）、分蘖期中度干旱胁迫及反复锻炼+抽穗期中度干旱胁迫（DRD-2）共7个处理。通过桶栽试验，测定分析了不同干旱锻炼处理下小麦的光合相关指标、抗氧化参数、渗透调节物质含量、产量和水分利用效率。结果表明，与CK相比，ND-1、ND-2处理下冬小麦产量和水分利用效率显著降低，其中产量降幅分别为13.9%和21.2%,水分利用效率降幅均为5.9%；D-1处理下冬小麦的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、光合活性、热耗散能力、叶绿素a含量和叶绿素b含量分别提高13.7%、31.4%、24.7%、1.4%、5.0%、2.7%和4.7%，DRD-1处理下分别提高14.9%、36.1%、27.1%、2.3%、5.1%、12.0%和13.0%。与ND-1处理相比，D-1、DRD-1处理的超氧化物保护酶和脯氨酸的反应速度以及可溶性糖的生成速度均显著加快，D-1处理增幅分别为19.7%、68.3%和31.8个百分点，DRD-1处理增幅分别为24.0%、76.0%、和34.3个百分点；两个处理的过氧化物酶活性均显著减小，降幅分别为8.3%和10.3%；抽穗期复旱对净光合速率、光能转化效率、光化学猝灭系数以及光合色素含量均未产生显著影响，说明超氧化物歧化酶活性和脯氨酸可用于评价作物的抗旱性，轻旱锻炼提高了冬小麦的抗旱性。干旱锻炼对冬小麦增产效果表现为轻度干旱锻炼>中度干旱锻炼，反复干旱锻炼>单次干旱锻炼>不进行干旱锻炼，其中分蘖期轻度单次和反复干旱锻炼均显著增产，产量增幅分别为5.7%和11.4%，使水分利用效率分别提高8.7%和10.9%。综合认为，分蘖期轻度反复干旱锻炼是提高冬小麦抗旱性、产量和水分利用效率的合理调亏灌溉措施。

英文摘要:

In order to investigate the effects of different degrees and frequencies of drought exercise on physiological indices, yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat, and to screen out a reasonable drought exercise mode, the experiment used Xiaoyan 22 as the experimental material, and set up two levels of drought stress(mild drought stress W1: 50%-60% FC; moderate drought stress W2: 40%-50% FC, where FC is the field capacity) and two drought exercise modes(single drought exercise and repeated drought exercise). Seven treatments were conducted，including W1 at heading stage(ND-1), W2 at heading stage (ND-2), tillering stage W1 + heading stage W1(D-1), tillering stage W2 + heading stage W2(D-2), W1 and repeated drought exercise at tillering stage + W1 at heading stage (DRD-1), and W2 and repeated drought exercise at tillering stage + W2 at heading stage (DRD-2), using the full water supply(CK, 70%~80% FC) during the whole life span as the control treatment. The effects of drought exercise on photosynthesis-related indices, antioxidant protection, osmoregulatory substances, yield and water use efficiency were investigated and analyzed through a pot cultivation experiment. The results showed that compared with CK, winter wheat yield under ND-1 and ND-2 significantly reduced by 13.9% and 21.2%, respectively, and their water use efficiency reduced all by 5.9%； the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, photosynthetic activity, heat dissipation capacity, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents of winter wheat increased 13.7%, 31.4%, 24.7%, 1.4%, 5.0%, 2.7% and 4.7% under D-1, respectively, and the indexes of DRD-1 increased 14.9%, 36.1%, 27.1%, 2.3%, 5.1%, 12.0% and 13.0%, respectively. Compared with ND-1, the reaction rate of superoxide dismutase, proline soluble and sugar production were significantly accelerated under D-1 and DRD-1 with the increasing range of 19.7%, 68.3% and 31.8 percentage points under D-1, 24.0%,76.0% and 34.3 percentage points under DRD-1, and the peroxidase activity significantly reduced 8.3% and 10.3% under the two treatments, and drought again at the heading stage did not significantly affect the net photosynthetic rate, light energy conversion efficiency, photochemical quenching coefficient, and photosynthetic pigment content of winter wheat. Therefore, superoxide dismutase activity and proline can be used to evaluate the drought tolerance of winter wheat, and the mild drought exercise improved the drought tolerance of winter wheat. The effect of drought exercise on winter wheat yield increase ranked as mild drought exercise > moderate drought exercise, and repeated drought exercise > single drought exercise > no drought exercise, in which mild single and repeated drought exercise at the tillering stage significantly increased the yield of winter wheat by 5.7% and 11.4%, and water use efficiency by 8.7% and 10.9%, respectively. Taken together, it was concluded that mild repeated drought exercise at tillering stage was a reasonable deficit regulation irrigation measure to improve drought tolerance, yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat.

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