| In order to clarify the effects of different fertilization measures on winter wheat kernel starch structure, physicochemical characteristics and wheat kernel yield, we analyzed the differences in winter wheat kernel starch structure, physicochemical characteristics and yield under different treatments through split-plot experiments(with two types of fertilization methods, namely, farmer fertilization and monitored fertilization as the main plot, and without organic materials, with organic fertilizers and with biochar as the sub plot), using the wheat cultivar LuoHan6 as the material. The results showed that monitored fertilization significantly increased wheat grain total starch content, amylose content, and amylose/amylopectin, increased volume and number percentage of A-type starch grains, and significantly increased average trough viscosity, final viscosity, breakdown, and revaluation, compared to the farmers method of fertilization. Under the same fertilization method, the dosed organic fertilizers also showed positive effects on total starch content, amylose content, amylose/amylopectin, volume percentage of A-type starch granules, and starch viscosity parameters, as well as reduced volume and number percentage of B-type starch granules, compared to the non-dosed organic materials, whereas the dosed biochar did not have a significant effect on starch content and amylose/amylopectin, or on volume and surface area distributions of A-type starch granules. The effect of biochar application on starch pasting characteristics varied across fertilization methods, with the farmer fertilizer+biochar treatment significantly decreasing peak viscosity, trough viscosity, and final viscosity, while the monitored fertilizer+biochar treatment significantly increasing peak viscosity, final viscosity, breakdown, and revaluation. The effect of monitored fertilization on yield was not significant, but monitored fertilization+organic fertilizer treatment significantly increased yield. Among all the treatments, the wheat grain starch content, amylose to amylopectin ratio, starch grain distribution, and starch viscosity parameters of the monitored fertilization+organic fertilizer treatment were the best, indicating that the reduction of chemical fertilizers and the simultaneous application of organic fertilizers under the conditions of monitored fertilization can improve the starch quality and increase the yield of wheat, and promote the high-yield and high-quality production of winter wheat on Weibei Dryland. |
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