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基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（31960379，51879267）；新疆自治区重点研发项目（2021B02002）；新疆自治区重点研发项目课题（2021B02002-1）；新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”人才培养项目；国家现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-03-88)；新疆维吾尔自治区小麦产业技术体系项目(XJARS-01)

作者	单位
张永强，雷钧杰，陈传信，徐其江，聂石辉，段留生	（1.中国农业大学农学院，北京，100193； 2.新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所，新疆乌鲁木齐 830091； 3.农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室，新疆乌鲁木齐 830091）

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中文摘要:

为探究不同遮阴程度下小麦旗叶内源激素含量、抗氧化酶活性变化规律及其光合参数相关关系，于2019-2020年，采用不同透光率的黑色遮阳网模拟果树不同程度遮阴，在大田条件下，设置了拔节期遮阴10%+抽穗期遮阴25%（S1）、拔节期遮阴20%+抽穗期遮阴50%（S2）、拔节期遮阴30%+抽穗期遮阴75%（S3）和自然光对照（S0）4个不同程度遮阴处理，分析了遮阴程度对小麦旗叶内源激素含量、酶活性、光合特性和产量的影响。结果表明，随着遮阴程度的增加，小麦旗叶内源激素Zt、IAA和GA₃含量呈先降后升趋势，均以S1处理最低，而ABA含量呈先升后降趋势，以S1处理最高；POD、APX活性呈先升后降趋势，且均以S2处理最高；CAT和GR活性则呈先降后升趋势，且均以S3处理最高；SOD活性以S2处理最大，S3处理次之，S1最小。小麦旗叶P_n、G_s和T_r随着遮阴程度的增加均逐渐降低，而C_i呈增大趋势。与S0处理相比，旗叶RuBPCase活性在S1和S2处理下降低，S3处理下明显升高；遮阴提高了旗叶PEPCase的活性，以S2处理最高。S0处理下籽粒产量最高（8 467.70 kg·hm^-2），S1、S2和S3处理的产量较S0处理分别降低26.56%、52.22%和69.13%。综合来看，在南疆麦区果树对下层小麦遮阴程度未达到或达到S1时可以种植小麦，遮阴程度达到S2时勉强可以种植小麦，遮阴程度达到S3时不建议种植小麦。

英文摘要:

To explore the changes of endogenous hormone content, antioxidant enzyme activity and photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaves of wheat under different shading levels, and provide theoretical basis for the physiological regulation of high-yield cultivation of wheat under long-term low light stress, in 2019-2020, black sunshade net with different light transmission rate was used to simulate different shading levels of fruit trees. Under field conditions, four different shading levels were set up: 10% shading at jointing stage + 25% shading at heading stage (S1), 20% shading at jointing stage + 50% shading at heading stage (S2), 30% shading at jointing stage + 75% shading at heading stage (S3) and natural light control (S0). The effects of shading degree on endogenous hormone content, enzyme activity, photosynthetic characteristics and yield of flag leaves of wheat were studied. The results showed that with the increase of shading degree, the contents of endogenous hormones Zt, IAA and GA₃ in flag leaves of wheat decreased first and then increased, while the contents of ABA increased first and then decreased. In S1 treatment, the contents of Zt, IAA and GA₃ were lowest, and the contents of ABA was highest. The POD and APX activities of flag leaves of wheat showed a trend of “first increasing and then decreasing”, and they were highest under S2 treatment. With the increase of shading degree, the activity of CAT and GR decreased first and then increased, and the lowest was observed under S1 treatment, and the highest was observed under S3 treatment. SOD activity was highest under S2 treatment, followed by S3 treatment, and lowest under S1 treatment. With the increase of shading degree, P_n, G_s and T_r of wheat flag leaves gradually decreased, while C_i increased with the increase of shading degree. RuBPCase activity in flag leaves decreased under S1 and S2 treatments, but increased significantly under S3 treatment. Shading improved the PEPCase activity of flag leaves, but the highest PEPCase activity was observed under S2 treatment. The highest grain yield under natural light (S0) was 8 467.70 kg·hm^-2. Compared with S0 treatment, the yield of S1, S2 and S3 was decreased by 26.56%, 52.22% and 69.13%, respectively. According to the comprehensive analysis, wheat can be planted when the shading degree of fruit trees on the lower layer of wheat no more than S1, and wheat can be planted barely when the shading degree reaches S2, while wheat planting is not recommended when the shading degree reaches S3 in the fruit tree planting area in Southern Xinjiang.

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