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基金项目:内蒙古自治区科技计划项目（2021GG0373）；内蒙古农牧业创新基金项目（2021CXJJN01，2022CXJJN05）；内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目（2024MS03007）;国家现代农业产业技术体系专项（CARS-3-89）；内蒙古科技成果转化专项（2021CG0031）；科技兴蒙重点专项（NMKJXM202111，NMKJXM202201）；国家重点研发项目（2022YFD1601210）;内蒙古自治区小麦产业技术创新推广体系育种岗位；内蒙古优势特色小麦育种联合攻关项目（YZ2023008）；锡林郭勒盟揭榜挂帅项目（XMZD202301）

作者	单位
叶君，吴晓华，王小兵，崔国惠，李元清，刘文景，张海斌，赵轩微，刘娟，李梁，代亚博，张德健，路战远，史学芬，赵贤	（1.内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院作物科学研究所，内蒙古呼和浩特 010031； 2.内蒙古大学生命科学学院，内蒙古呼和浩特 010021；3.鄂尔多斯市农牧业科学研究院内蒙古鄂尔多斯，017000； 4.巴彦淖尔市现代农牧事业发展中心，内蒙古巴彦淖尔 015000）

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中文摘要:

为鉴选彩色小麦优异种质，以29份彩色小麦品系为试验材料，测定其生育期、株高、穗粒重、穗粒数、千粒重、蛋白质含量、淀粉含量、铁含量、锌含量和钙含量等农艺性状与营养品质指标，并对测定指标进行相关性分析、主成分分析及聚类分析。结果显示，供试材料的生育期平均为99.45 d，株高为99.45 cm，穗粒数为49.15，穗粒重为2.12 g，千粒重为42.10 g，蛋白质含量为15 %，淀粉含量为65 %,Fe含量为33.59 mg·kg^-1，Zn含量为35.05 mg·kg^-1，Ca含量为309.88 mg·kg^-1。蛋白质、淀粉和锌含量的遗传多样性最高，均为2.05。相关性分析表明，蛋白质含量与锌含量呈极显著正相关（R=0.58），与淀粉含量呈极显著负相关（R=-0.30）。通过主成分分析将10个参数降维至3个主成分，第一主成分的主效因子为蛋白质含量，第二主成分的主效因子为株高，第三主成分的主效因子为千粒重、铁和钙含量。通过主成分因子的综合评分，评分较高的品系有20TS020-6、20TS116-1和20TSJ012。聚类分析表明，供试彩色小麦品系可划分为3大类群，第Ⅰ类群有9份品系，蛋白质含量、株高、千粒重、铁和钙含量较高；第Ⅱ类群有12份品系，蛋白质含量、株高、千粒重、铁和钙含量居中；第Ⅲ类群有8份品系，蛋白质含量、株高、千粒重、铁和钙含量较低。粒色对产量相关的农艺性状没有显著效应，但紫粒小麦和蓝粒小麦的淀粉和钙含量较高。

英文摘要:

In order to select the excellent germplasm of color wheat, 29 color wheat strains were used as experimental materials to determine their agronomic traits and nutritional quality, such as growth period, plant height, grain weight per spike, grain number per spike, thousand-grain weight, grain protein content, grain starch content, grain iron content, grain zinc content and grain calcium content. Correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were carried out. The results showed that the average growth period of the test materials was 99.45 days, with the plant height of 99.45 cm, grain number per spike of 49.15, grain weight per spike of 2.12 g, thousand-grain weight of 42.10 g, protein content of 15%, starch content of 65%, Fe content of 33.59 mg·kg^-1, Zn content of 35.05 mg·kg^-1, and Ca content of 309.88 mg·kg^-1. The genetic diversity of protein content, starch content and zinc content in grain was the highest(2.05). Correlation analysis showed that protein content was significantly positively correlated with zinc content (R=0.58), but significantly negatively correlated with starch content (R=-0.30). Principal component analysis reduced the dimensionality of 10 parameters to 3 principal components. The principal effect factors of the top three principal components were protein content, plant height, and thousand-grain weight and iron and calcium contents. According to the comprehensive score of principal component factors, 20TS020-6, 20TS116-1 and 20TSJ012 were the best strains. Cluster analysis showed that the color wheat strains were divided into three groups. There were nine strains in Group Ⅰ, with high protein content, plant height, thousand-grain weight, iron and calcium content. There were 12 strains in Group II, and their protein content, plant height, thousand-grain weight, iron and calcium contents were in the middle. There were eight strains in Group III, with low protein content, plant height, grain weight, iron and calcium contents. There was no significant difference in yield related agronomic traits among different color wheat. However, purple grain wheat and blue grain wheat had higher starch and calcium contents. The current results provided materials and reference for germplasm resource innovation and quality improvement of the color wheat.

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