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作者	单位
岳超，裴星旭，禹海龙，刘晓宇，宋腾钊，许海霞，程西永，詹克慧	（河南农业大学农学院，河南郑州 450046）

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中文摘要:

杂交坏死会导致小麦叶片或植株过早死亡，影响小麦的育种进程。为明确杂交坏死基因的遗传与表型效应，本研究选取了黄淮麦区部分品种（系）资源进行Ne基因的分子标记检测与表型鉴定，并选择携带不同Ne基因等位变异的品种（系）构建遗传群体，明确等位变异类型，分析不同等位变异组合的剂量效应和表型效应。结果表明，在检测的807个小麦品种（系）中，259个携带Ne1基因（32.09%），202个携带Ne2基因（25.03%），346个不携带Ne基因（42.88%）。在181个检测到Ne2基因等位变异的品种（系）中， 91个携带Ne2^w/m，占50.28%，42个携带Ne2^ms，占23.20%，48个携带Ne2^s，占26.52%。不同地区培育的小麦品种携带Ne基因频率存在差异，安徽省品种的Ne1基因频率最高，山东省品种的Ne2基因频率最高，安徽、河南和山东的小麦品种携带Ne基因的比例均超过50.00%。对构建的F₂群体及其亲本进行表型鉴定和分子标记检测，发现在47个亲本品种（系）中，8个携带Ne2^m，5个携带Ne2^s，2个携带Ne1^w，7个携带Ne1^m，2个携带Ne1^s。表型鉴定发现了枯死型、黄枯型和黄化型3种坏死症状类型，坏死效应为枯死型>黄枯型>黄化型，坏死症状出现时期分别为2叶期、3~4叶期和分蘖期。Ne1等位变异的杂交坏死效应为Ne1^s>Ne1^m>Ne1^w，其基因型的杂交坏死效应为Ne1^sNe1^s>Ne1^mNe1^m>Ne1^sne1>Ne1^mne1>Ne1^wNe1^w>Ne1^wne1;Ne2等位变异的杂交坏死效应为Ne2^s>Ne2^m，其基因型的杂交坏死效应为Ne2^sNe2^s>Ne2^mNe2^m>Ne2^sne2>Ne2^mne2。不同基因型的杂交坏死效应均为Ne1Ne1Ne2Ne2>Ne1ne1Ne2Ne2>Ne1Ne1Ne2ne2>Ne1ne1Ne2ne2，4种基因型下不同等位变异组合的杂交坏死效应均表现为Ne1^m/Ne2^s>Ne1^s/Ne2^m>Ne1^m/Ne2^m>Ne1^w/Ne2^s。双纯合基因型与强等位变异s是导致叶片枯死的关键;随着基因型与等位变异坏死强度的降低，叶片枯死逐渐减少直至完全消失，叶片坏死症状类型转为黄化型。

英文摘要:

Hybridizing necrosis leads to premature death of wheat leaves or plants, affecting the breeding process of wheat. In order to clarify the genetic mechanism and phenotypic effect of hybrid necrotic genes, molecular marker detection and phenotypic identification of Ne genes were carried out in some cultivars from Huang-Huai wheat region, and the varieties carrying different Ne alleles were selected to construct genetic population. The types of allelic variation were identified, and the dosage effect and phenotype effect of different combinations of allelic variation were analyzed. The results showed that among the 807 wheat cultivars(lines), 259(32.09%) carry Ne1 gene and 202(42.88%) carry Ne2 gene. Among the 181 varieties(lines) with allelic variation of Ne2 gene, 91(50.28%) carry Ne2^w^/m, 42(23.20%) carry Ne2^ms, and 48(26.52%) carry Ne2^s. The frequency of Ne genes was different in different regions: highest in Anhui Province for Ne1, highest in Shandong Province for Ne2, and more than 50.00% of wheat cultivars from Anhui, Henan and Shandong Province carry Ne genes. The phenotyping and molecular marker detection of F₂ populations and their parents identified that there are eight, five, two, seven and two lines carry Ne2^m, Ne2^s, Ne1^w, Ne1^m and Ne1^s, respectively, among the 47 parental varieties (lines). Three types of necrotic symptoms were found by phenotypic identification: withered type, yellow withered type and yellowing type, and their stage of necrosis was 2-leaf stage, 3-4-leaf stage, and tillering stage, respectively. The hybrid necrosis effect of Ne1 alleles was Ne1^s>Ne1^m>Ne1^w, and the hybrid necrotic effect of Ne1 allelic variant genotypes was Ne1^sNe1^s> Ne1^mNe1^m> Ne1^sne1>Ne1^mne1>Ne1^wNe1^w>Ne1^wne1. The hybrid necrosis effect of Ne2 alleles was Ne2^s>Ne2^m, and that of Ne2 allelic variant genotypes was Ne2^sNe2^s>Ne2^mNe2^m>Ne2^sne1>Ne2^mne1. The hybrid necrosis effect of the four genotypes was Ne1Ne1Ne2Ne2>Ne1ne1Ne2Ne2>Ne1Ne1Ne2ne2>Ne1ne1Ne2ne2, and that of different allelic combinations was Ne1^m/Ne2^s> Ne1^s/Ne2^m>Ne1^m/Ne2^m>Ne1^w/Ne2^s. Double homozygous genotypes and s-strong alleles were the key factors leading to leaf wilt. With the decrease of necrosis intensity of genotypes and alleles, leaf wilt gradually decreased until completely disappeared, and the symptom type of leaf necrosis changed to yellowing type.

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